Road 443
| 443 כביש (highway 443) in Israel | |
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| Highway 443 between Modi'in and Jerusalem | |
Highway 443 ( Hebrew כביש 443, מעלה בית חורון) or Ma'ale Beit Horon (ascent to Beth-Horon ) is the main road that connects Modi'in with Jerusalem and Tel Aviv and also serves as a branch line between the Gush Dan and Jerusalem. Although this route is classified as a regional road, it is largely a motorway-like, four-lane road that is partly free of intersections and partly with level crossings and is therefore not classified as a motorway . However, the western end, which is connected to Landstrasse 1 , is signposted as a motorway.
The road branches off from Landstrasse 1 / Landstrasse 6 at the Ben-Shemen junction and leads east to the fork at Shilat , which serves as access to Modi'in. It leads east to the Matte Binyamin Regional Council near Ramallah in the West Bank , where it becomes the Begin Expressway, which will take the new Highway 45 to Jerusalem. A branch line, Highway 436, leads to Giv'at Seev and the Ramot district of Jerusalem .
Due to its geographical location, the route has repeatedly been the scene of battles throughout history, it is already mentioned in the Book of Joshua and during the Maccabees' revolt against the Seleucids . In contrast to the modern Highway 1, which meanders around the hills and mountains on the way between the coastal plain and the mountains of Judea, the central section of Highway 443 runs along a ridge line and therefore rises regularly and evenly.
Several of the access roads connecting Palestinian villages to Highway 443 have been closed since the Second Intifada began in September 2000. Due to several fatal attacks on Israeli vehicles on the street with Molotov cocktails and firearms, barriers were set up along the street where it passed through Palestinian-inhabited areas. In a March 2008 ruling , the Israeli Supreme Court ruled that the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) had the right to limit Palestinian road traffic for a further six months, which the Israel Civil Rights Association disputed in the process. The Israeli human rights group B'Tselem also criticized the closure of Highway 443 for Palestinians, calling it collective punishment unlawful under international law . On December 29, 2009, Israel's highest civil court ruled in favor of a petition by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel against the IDF's order banning Palestinian traffic on the streets. The decision allowed the Palestinians to use the road for the first time since October 2000. On May 28, 2010, the road was reopened to Palestinian traffic.
Intersections (from west to east)
| km | Surname | Type | meaning | location | crossed road |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | צומת גינתון (Ginaton junction) |
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geographical location | Ginaton , Lod |
 ( Landstrasse 40 ) |
| 3 | מחלף בן שמן ( ben scheme knot ) |
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geographical location | Ben Schemen |
   ( Landstrasse 1 , Landstrasse 6 , Landstrasse 444 ) |
| 3 | צומת מודיעים (Modi'im junction) |
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by Modi'in named | Neot Kedumim | local street |
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Tombs of the Maccabees | local street | |||
| 8.7 |
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Access to Mevo Modi'im | local street | ||
| 10.2 | צומת מכבים (Maccabim branch) |
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according to the Maccabees | Access to Modi'in | Road 4466 |
| 12.8 | צומת שילת (Shilat branch) |
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after Shilat | Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut , Modi'in Illit |
 (Route 446), Hashmonaim Blvd.
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| 13 | צומת מכבים-רעות (Maccabim-Re'ut branch) |
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geographical location | Maccabim-Re'ut | Yair Peleg Street |
| 14.3 | צומת בית חורון (Beit Horon Junction) |
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Bethoron | Maccabim-Re'ut |
  ( Landstrasse 3 ) closed, Landstrasse 455
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| 23.4 | מחלף בית חורון (Beit Horon Interchange) |
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geographical location | Beit Horon | local street |
| 28.3 | צומת גבעת זאב (Giv'at-Ze'ev branch) |
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geographical location | Giv'at Seev , Jerusalem | ( Begin expressway ) via Landstraße 45 |
supporting documents
- ↑ The law as roadkill on Highway 443 (English) , Haaretz. September 26, 2006. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
- ↑ 4 Israelis wounded in drive-by shooting (en) , Jerusalem Post . Retrieved April 10, 2010.
- ^ Israeli driver killed in ambush near Givat Ze'ev , Jerusalem Post . Archived from the original on April 4, 2005. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
- ↑ Couple shot dead in ambush, children lightly hurt (en) , Jerusalem Post . Archived from the original on April 4, 2005. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
- ↑ Two murdered in terror attacks (en) , Jerusalem Post . Archived from the original on April 4, 2005. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
- ↑ Barring Palestinians from Highway 443 prevents attacks on Israel, court hints (English) , Jerusalem Post . March 4, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
- ^ Ethan Bronner : A road becomes a dividing line in the West Bank (English) , International Herald Tribune . March 26, 2008. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
- ^ Route 443: West Bank road for Israelis only ( English ) B'Tselem . Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
- ↑ Harriet Sherwood: Israelis and Palestinians share route 443 again amid suspicion and fear (English) , The Guardian . May 27, 2010. Retrieved June 11, 2010.
Web links
- Ancient path (map)
- Jewish Universe (English)
- Tyranny in Tar (English)
- "Israeli High Court Petition on Route 443 — Provides Approval for Separation and Discrimination" (20 March 2008 at the Alternative Information Center Palestine / Israel ) (English)
- Route 443: West Bank road for Israelis only ( B'Tselem Human Rights Report)