Landwehrstrasse 18, 20, 22 (Kitzingen)

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The row of houses in Landwehrstrasse

The building complex Landwehrstrasse 18, 20, 22 (previously house number 635) consists of three listed buildings in the Lower Franconian town of Kitzingen . The buildings were built by Balthasar Neumann as barracks for the Würzburg army, later the rent office was housed here. Today the buildings are the seat of the Kitzingen police station.

history

As early as the 1720s, people in Kitzingen began to think about the establishment of a real garrison for soldiers of the Prince-Bishop's Army in Würzburg . During the Thirty Years' War , units had repeatedly been relocated to the city, although this did not involve any change in the status of the rural town of Kitzingen. Under Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn , the armed forces of the prince-bishopric were increased because the bishop feared that denominational conflicts would flare up again in the wake of the Peace of Rijswijk .

In 1721 the considerations became more concrete. Kitzingen was quickly predestined by those in charge because it was on the one hand on the edge of the prince-bishopric, near the border to the margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach and at the same time so far in the heartland that one did not have to observe any enclaved areas of the imperial knighthood and other imperial estates in the immediate vicinity. Already at this early point in time, the " piece -Haubtmann" Balthasar Neumann, an expert in military construction, was involved in the construction of barracks.

Corner of the building complex (Haus Landwehrstraße 20)

The location of the new barracks was found in the southernmost corner of the urban area right next to the city ​​wall . Work on the barracks began quickly. Construction began as early as 1722, and by 1724 the masonry work was well advanced. In April 1724 Neumann negotiated about the acquisition of the timber that was to be brought from Wiesentheid to Kitzingen. In the spring of 1724, lock and whitewash work was being carried out in the Kitzingen barracks.

After a short construction freeze after the death of Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp Franz, the construction work continued under the successor Christoph Franz von Hutten . In October 1725 the plan was to cover the roof of the " paraquen ". In the following years the Kitzinger barracks remained an unfinished ruin because the danger of war diminished and the new prince-bishop was far less willing to invest in the military.

In the meantime, new plans came up that included a conversion of the building. The buildings were to be converted into barracks for the disabled for old and sick soldiers. Balthasar Neumann was called in again for the renovation work. After a new planning phase, Neumann was able to announce on March 23, 1735 that the "Invalidenhauß" could now be set up. The Invaliden Barracks was inaugurated on Palm Sunday in 1735.

The plans to billet some parts of the Würzburg troops were only implemented in the 1750s. The invalids' wing was still in use in 1751. Neumann probably added a third wing to the buildings, which was completed before 1757 and was being built to the south. During the Seven Years' War , the Kitzinger barracks were occupied by 580 men, but these were mainly imperial troops. Probably in 1782 the military gave up the buildings.

Subsequently, in the last few years of the bishopric, the Würzburg official cellar used the buildings. This was also where the levies were stored, which no longer found space in the tithe barn opposite. After the transfer to Bavaria, the royal Bavarian rent office was housed in the rooms . In 1875, the building's military past was again used: the Landwehr district command is located in the north wing .

At the end of the 19th century, the younger south wing was torn down because the city hospital was to be built in its place. As a result, the north wing was also changed and redesigned by adding a courtyard entrance. Immediately after the end of the Second World War , an office of the state police moved into the premises. Today the building complex is the seat of the Kitzingen police station .

description

The former barracks are listed by the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments. In addition, they are part of the Kitzingen Old Town ground monument with city extensions and former suburbs. The two preserved wings present themselves as simple mansard roof structures, some of which have drilled window frames. Several subsequent interventions in the original structure characterize the houses. It was not until 1989 that Erich Schneider identified the building complex with the barracks that Balthasar Neumann had built in Kitzingen. Schneider refers in particular to the barracks in Forchheim, which were built almost at the same time .

The two preserved wings, today divided into three pieces of land, were the "wing right hand" and the "wing left hand", which together represent the building stock from the 1720s. Frequent renovations and interior fittings shape the history of the wings. From 1735 there was a water canal planned by Balthasar Neumann , which was intended to dispose of the faeces from the originally planned house for invalids and was directed into the city moat. The younger south wing probably differed from the other two by its gable roof .

literature

  • Wolfgang Bühling: Balthasar Neumann and the barracks in Kitzingen . In: Franconia. Journal for Franconian regional studies and culture. Issue February 1, 2001/53. Jhg . Würzburg 2001. pp. 1-9.
  • Erich Schneider: Balthasar Neumann (1687–1753) - The works of the baroque master builder in Kitzingen (= writings of the Kitzingen City Archives, vol. 1) . Kitzingen 1989.

Web links

Commons : Landwehrstraße 18, 20, 22 (Kitzingen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wolfgang Bühling: Balthasar Neumann and the barracks in Kitzingen . In: Franconia. Journal for Franconian regional studies and culture. Issue February 1, 2001/53. Jhg . Würzburg 2001. p. 2.
  2. ↑ Erich Schneider: Balthasar Neumann (1687–1753) - The works of the baroque master builder in Kitzingen (= writings of the Kitzingen City Archives, vol. 1) . Kitzingen 1989. p. 17.
  3. ^ Wolfgang Bühling: Balthasar Neumann and the barracks in Kitzingen . In: Franconia. Journal for Franconian regional studies and culture. Issue February 1, 2001/53. Jhg . Würzburg 2001. p. 6.
  4. ^ Wolfgang Bühling: Balthasar Neumann and the barracks in Kitzingen . In: Franconia. Journal for Franconian regional studies and culture. Issue February 1, 2001/53. Jhg . Würzburg 2001. p. 7.
  5. ↑ Erich Schneider: Balthasar Neumann (1687–1753) - The works of the baroque master builder in Kitzingen (= writings of the Kitzingen City Archives, vol. 1) . Kitzingen 1989. S, 20.
  6. ^ Wolfgang Bühling: Balthasar Neumann and the barracks in Kitzingen . In: Franconia. Journal for Franconian regional studies and culture. Issue February 1, 2001/53. Jhg . Würzburg 2001. p. 6.

Coordinates: 49 ° 44 ′ 8.4 "  N , 10 ° 9 ′ 51.9"  E