Long-haired collie
| Longhaired Collie (Rough Collie) |
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| FCI Standard No. 156 | ||
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| Withers height: |
Males 56–61 cm. |
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Not fixed |
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| List of domestic dogs | ||
The long-haired Collie ( en . Collie Rough or Rough Collie ) is a British breed of dog recognized by the FCI ( FCI Group 1, Section 1, Standard No. 156 ).
Origin and history
The type of dog we now call the Scottish Shepherd Dog may have originated in the 13th century and was primarily used as a shepherd herding dog in the Scottish high moors . The collie gets its name from the sheep. The Anglo-Saxon word col means black. The usual Scottish sheep were black and were called colleys; their herding dogs were the Colley Dogs, a name that later changed to Collie.
Queen Victoria got to know and love the collie during her stays in the Scottish Balmoral and from then on became a supporter of this breed, which she gladly and generously gave away to diplomats and royalty all over Europe. Until then, the breed was largely unknown outside of Scotland. Her black Collie bitch Gypsy, who was buried in the park of Windsor Castle in 1868, became famous. This tradition was continued by Queen Elizabeth , known as Queen Mum.
In 1840 the "Collie Club" was founded in England by stately lovers, who in turn achieved recognition as a breed in 1858. The collie first appeared at the Birmingham Dog Show in 1861 . A collie named "Jeho" was exhibited by a certain Mr. Siviter. He started in the “Sheepdogs of all Varieties” class. In 1871 a collie named "Old Cocki" appears for the first time, who is considered the progenitor of all modern collies. Since he had a massive, somewhat clumsy body structure, a broad upper skull, a short, stocky appearance, he of course did not meet today's breed standard. In the fourth generation, "Metchley Wonder" was the type of collie bred that formed the basis for today's standard. In 1881 the first breed standard was established.
With the colonization of Australia and America in the 19th century, Collies also came to the New World, although the breed standard was less precise here. The isolated location of some farms also encouraged colors that the British Collie Club had already classified as undesirable. So the Americans founded their own collie club, which u. a. knew the white and black collie. In Australia he was a. a. The progenitor of the Australian Cattle Dog and the Kelpie .
description
The long-haired Collie is now bred in two varieties: the British and the American type. In addition, working and show lines are bred that differ not only in appearance, but also in their behavior.
British type
The long-haired collie of the British type is an elegant companion dog up to 61 cm tall and weighing up to 25 kg and has a slightly mixed upper and lower coat, which makes the coat more plush. His elegant gait appears noble. The dog has a thick coat with a silky soft undercoat .
American variant
The AKC standard collie is 61–66 cm tall and weighs up to 34 kg. He has a slightly different face shape with a stronger head and larger eyes, the whole body is more substantial. You can clearly distinguish between the smooth outer hair and the undercoat, and the undercoat is less lush and therefore does not tend to become matted. In addition, the American standard allows other colors that are not allowed in the FCI standard. The AKC standard also differs from the standards of the FCI and the British KC in other ways .
Long-haired collie puppy, 8 weeks old
Young Longhair Collie, 5 months old
Long-haired Collie fully grown, 19 months old
Shades of color
The Collie is available worldwide in three colors : sable-white (sable-white), tricolor (predominantly black-white with tan) and blue- merle .
The sable variant varies between a light gold tone and a deep dark mahogany, which is why it is also referred to as dark sable. A special form is the white collie, which has only been recognized in the American standard so far.
The blue merle is a graying collie. He is a tricolor collie with a lightening effect caused by the merle gene. The Merle allele may only be inherited from one parent animal, as otherwise damage to the eyes and the inner ear will occur (deafness and blindness). Since the merle gene in sable-colored collies is often no longer recognizable in adulthood, there is always the risk that two parent animals with the merle gene are accidentally paired with sable merle collies. That is why the Sable-Merle color is banned in the Club for British Sheepdogs ( VDH ).
The white collie has the typical drawn collie head with sable, tricolor, blue-merle or sable-merle head and only becomes predominantly white behind the typical ruff. Stains are quite possible. Ideally, the proportion of white is 80%, but deviations are the rule.
The black collie, which had almost no markings, but for whom a narrow white collar, white legs and a white tail tip were desired, is not described in any standard today and has not been bred or exhibited for decades.
White
Blue-merle, sable-white and tricolor (from left to right)
Sable white
Tricolor
Breed specific diseases
It has been known since the early 1980s that Collies are sensitive to certain drugs and can even die from them. Based on one of the drugs that could be fatal for the collie, the term " Ivermectin- sensitive collie" was coined. Reactions ranging from movement disorders , vomiting and coma to the death of individual animals have been described. It was also noticeable that other animals of the same breed showed no impairment. In terms of external appearance, no differences between endangered and non-endangered animals could be determined.
Molecular genetic research later showed that the MDR1 defect is the cause of this sensitivity, which is not limited to ivermectin. Active ingredients that are harmless to other dogs or people can also cause the side effects described. Of all dog breeds in which this defect occurs, the Collies are most severely affected: 76% have at least one defective allele. A genetic test is available.
Collies also show an increased incidence of dermatomyositis , a genetic skin and muscle disease in young dogs. The Collie Eye Anomaly is named for its presence in the breed.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cecil G. Trew: The Story of the Dog and His Uses to Mankind. Dutton, New York 1939, p. 123 (scan from 2010 on Archive.org)
- ↑ Cecil G. Trew: The Story of the Dog and His Uses to Mankind. Dutton, New York 1939, p. 124 (scan from 2010 on Archive.org)
- ↑ Fernanda Ruiz Fadel, Patricia Driscoll a. a .: Differences in Trait Impulsivity Indicate Diversification of Dog Breeds into Working and Show Lines. In: Scientific Reports. 6, 2016, p. 22162, doi : 10.1038 / srep22162 .
- ↑ Breed standard according to AKC
- ↑ Vetmed - Uni Giessen ( Memento of the original from October 25, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Breed standard No. 156 of the FCI: Collie Rough (Long-haired Scottish Shepherd) (PDF)
- German Collie Club - Breeding Association in the VDH / FCI with information about the Collie, exhibitions and breeders
- Club for British Sheepdogs - Breeding Association in the VDH / FCI with information about the Collie and related breeds, about exhibitions and breeders