Lavina nera
Lavina nera or lavina naira ( Rhaeto-Romanic for black avalanche ) is a term from the political history of the Swiss canton of Graubünden . Presumably it was coined in Chur , which was the target of the «avalanche».
meaning
It describes the conservative supremacy of the predominantly Catholic Surselva in elections to the Grand Council and the Government Council , which lasted for over a century . The Catholic villages of the Oberland regularly supported the candidates of the Christian Democratic People's Party with majorities of over 90 percent . Although the latter was not or hardly present in large areas of the canton, the support of the Surselva was mostly enough for two members in the seven-member cantonal government. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Conservative Christian Social Party provided well over 40 percent of those to be elected. Party loyalty and discipline as well as a closed visit to Sunday mass led to a high voter turnout of over 90 percent. Since the denominational majority of the Surselva was in the minority in the government and parliament in Chur, this conservative demonstration of power was the only way to get the regional concerns in Chur and Bern to be heard through their political representatives.
The platform for the party was the Gasetta Romontscha , founded in Disentis in 1857 , in which conservative editors and representatives of the clergy had their say with advice and recommendations; the names of those to be elected were prominently placed on the front. Any deviation from the party line was considered harmful and treasonous.
The conservative era began in 1877 in the Landsgemeinde von Disentis . Since neither the previous conservative candidate nor the new liberal candidate could unite more votes, the 22-year-old college student Caspar Decurtins (1855-1916) stood for election and was elected. He is considered to be the founder of the Catholic conservative dominance in the Cadi , which also meant the end of Catholic liberalism. The completion of the restoration of the endangered Disentis monastery and the subsequent establishment of a monastery school consolidated the conservative position of power.
A high point of the movement was the partial victory in the Graubünden teaching materials dispute at the end of the 19th century.
Decline
The decline of the movement associated with this term began after the Second Vatican Council (1962–65). Conservative supremacy was increasingly being replaced by individualism in the state, church and society. This tendency was reinforced by the economic growth of the Surselva; political competition grew. Decreasing ties to the church and emigration meant that the CVP's share of the cantonal electorate fell massively in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1991 the CVP Graubünden lost one seat to the SP and in 1998 the Surselva lost its traditional seat in the cantonal government to the same party.
swell
- 100 years CVP Graubünden (PDF; 642 kB), Festschrift, p. 32 ff.
- Topic book on fraubünden.net
- Entry on political colors in the Lexicon istoric retic
- Graubünden calendar 2003; Pp. 89-93
Individual evidence
- ↑ Giusep Cathomas (Disentis) in How the «black avalanche» from the Surselva worked , in Bündner Kalender 2003. p. 92
- ↑ Bündner Calendar 2003; P. 92
- ^ Adolf Collenberg: Surselva. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .