Lawazantiya

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Lawazantiya was a Hittite city in Kizzuwatna , the exact location of which is not known, but which must have been in northeastern Cilicia . One suggestion is Sirkeli Höyük , which is more likely to be identified with Kummanni, another Tatarli Höyük 30 km east of Sirkeli Höyük. It was an important cult city and is the home of the Great Queen Puduḫepa .

According to Hittite texts, Lawazantiya was in Kizzuwatna on the Alda and Tarmana rivers, not too far from Kummani .

history

The earliest mentions of the city come from the old Assyrian trading colony in Kaniš , where the place Luḫuzatia is often mentioned, which according to popular belief is identical with Lawazantiya. G. Barjamovic considers Luḫuzatia and Lawazantiya to be two different localities, the former being located in Elbistan .

The Hittite place Laḫuwazantiya or Lawazantiya was conquered by Ḫattušili I and from here he started the siege of Uršu. His successor Mursili I. fought against the Hurrians here and Telipinu had to suppress an uprising in the city. Later it came to the land of Kizzuwatna and its king Palliya was also the priest of Lawazantiya. After the conquest of Kizzuwatna, the place of worship became Hittite again. Bentipšarri was the priest of the goddess Šawuška in Lawazantiya and here his daughter Puduḫepa married Ḫattušili III.

The fate of the city after the fall of the Hittite Empire is unknown. It is not used again until 839 BC. When the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III. invaded Cilicia and conquered the cities of Lusanda and Kisuatni.

Cult city

Lawazantiya was a Hurrian cult center in which the triad Šawuška , Teššub and Ḫebat were venerated. In addition, Šarruma , Tašmišu , Dakitu , the mother goddesses Ḫudena and Ḫudellurra and the sun god Šimige are also mentioned. The "seven springs of Lawazantiya" also belonged to the cult. For the ḫišuwa festival , water from the Alda River was brought to Ḫattuša to perform ritual ablutions there.

literature

  • Hans Hirsch: La (ḫu) wazantija / Luḫuzatia. In: Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Aräologie . Volume 6: Lamentation - Lebanon. de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1983, ISBN 3-11-010051-7 , pp. 433-435.
  • Ilse Wegner: La (ḫu) wazantija. In: Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Aräologie. Volume 6: Lamentation - Lebanon. de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1983, ISBN 3-11-010051-7 , p. 435 f.
  • Gojko Barjamovic: A Historical Geography of Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period (= Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications. 38). Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies et al., Copenhagen 2011, ISBN 978-87-635-3645-5 , pp. 133-143.
  • Massimo Forlanini: How to infer Ancient Roads and Intineraries from heterogenous Hittite Texts: The Case of the Cilician (Kizzuwatnean) Road System. In: Kaskal. Vol. 10, 2013, pp. 1-34, doi : 10.1400 / 217176 .
  • Mirko Novák , Susanne Rutishauser: Kizzuwatna: Archeology. In: Mark Weeden, Lee Z. Ullmann (Ed.): Hittite Landscape and Geography (= Handbuch der Orientalistik . Dept. 1: The Near and Middle East. 121). Brill, Leiden et al. 2017, ISBN 978-90-04-34174-6 , pp. 134-145.

Single receipts

  1. ^ Albrecht Goetze : Kizzuwatna and the problem of Hittite geography (= Yale oriental Series. Researches. 22, ZDB -ID 1055415-4 ). Yale University Press et al., New Haven CT 1940, pp. 71 f.
  2. ^ Philo Hendrik Jan Houwink Ten Cate: The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera during the Hellenistic Period. Brill, Leiden 1961, p. 19, (at the same time: Amsterdam, University, dissertation, 1961).
  3. ^ Gojko Barjamovic: A Historical Geography of Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period. 2011, pp. 133-143.
  4. ↑ Volkert Haas : History of the Hittite Religion (= Handbook of Oriental Studies. Dept. 1: The Near and Middle East. 15). Brill, Leiden et al. 1994, ISBN 90-04-09799-6 , p. 581.