Common birch mushroom
Common birch mushroom | ||||||||||||
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Common birch mushroom ( Leccinum scabrum ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Leccinum scabrum | ||||||||||||
( Bull .: Fr. ) Gray |
The common birch mushroom , birch boletus or birch boletus , capuchin or goat mushroom ( Leccinum scabrum , syn. Boletus scaber or Krombholzia scabra ) is a type of mushroom from the family of thick boletus relatives .
features
The hat becomes 5–15 cm wide, is initially hemispherical and round and later flattens out. The hat skin is light gray-brown to reddish-gray-brown, but can also contain yellowish tones. Later it is often more or less brown, smooth, bare, dry and rather greasy when it is very humid. The tubes are white when young, later gray. In old age, the tubes on the hat can bulge outwards, and around the handle they are badly dented. The tube layer is very easy to remove from the hat meat. The stem becomes 5–15 cm long and 1–3.5 cm thick, is slender, white and dark to black, irregularly scaled and tapers upwards. The base mycelium is white. The flesh is whitish, later more gray-white and unchangeable when broken. When young, the meat is relatively firm, but soon becomes spongy and water-containing, especially in rainy weather. The meat of the common birch mushroom turns very dark to black when cooked. It has a pleasant mushroom odor. The yellowish spores measure 13-18 x 5-6 micrometers.
Species delimitation
The name birch mushroom is quite broad and, like the red cap, sometimes poses problems for amateurs and mycologists . The Vielverfärbende Birkenpilz ( L. variicolor ) has a blueing stem which Moorbirke fungus ( L. holopus ) is brighter in all parts, whitish.
Ecology and diffusion
The common birch mushroom is widespread in Europe and can be found frequently within the birch area . It is a mycorrhizal partner of the birch species and grows from June to October.
meaning
The common birch mushroom is a popular edible mushroom . Like other species of this genus, it is under nature protection in Germany and may only be collected in small quantities for personal use.
literature
- Kallenbach, Franz: The Röhrlinge (Boletaceae) , Leipzig, Klinkhardt, 1926–1942.
- RM Dähncke: 200 mushrooms. 5th edition, Verlag Aargauer Tagblatt, Aarau 1992, ISBN 3-85502-145-7 .
- Dr. M. Svrcek: Identify and collect mushrooms. Publishing house Mosaik, Munich 1976.
- Gerhardt, Ewald: Mushrooms: Volume 2: Röhrlinge, Porlinge, Bauchpilze, hose mushrooms and others , Spectrum of Nature BLV Intensiv, 1985, ISBN 3-405-12965-6 .