Leo I. Carigradjanin

Leo of Ohrid (also: Leo Ohrid , Leon of Achrida , Lav Ohridski (Liv); Greek Λέων αρχιεπίσκοπος Βουλγαρίας , Λέων Α ' , Bulgarian Лъв I Охридски ; Леон ; Лав I ; † 1056 ) was a leading Byzantine Cleric and Archbishop von Ohrid and representatives of the views of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the theological dispute with the Holy See , at the end of which there is the Oriental Schism of 1054.

Life

Nothing is known about Leo’s childhood and youth. After 1025 he was appointed Archbishop of Ohrid. Before that he was a chartophylax (≈ administrative officer / archivist) in the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople .

Under Patriarch Michael I (1043-1059) Leo was sent to southern Italy as spokesman for Constantinople for theological debates with Roman clerics . He reported his views in a letter to Bishop John of Trani (1053). However, this letter was also addressed to the Pope and all Latin bishops. In this letter Leo clarified for the first time the alienation between Eastern and Western Churches through different liturgical and disciplinary aspects. and condemned various practices of the Western Church, such as eating "strangled" flesh, blood, fasting on Sunday, and other liturgical differences. The most important point of difference, however, was the use of unleavened bread for the Eucharist . This custom became a permanent argument in letters to Cardinal Humbert von Silva Candida , which ultimately led to Humbert's posting to Constantinople and in 1054 sealed the schism between Rome and Byzantium and resulted in their mutual anathema and the division into two geographically separate churches.

literature

• John Meyendorff : Leo of Ohrid. In: Alexander P. Kazhdan (Ed.): The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Volume 2. Oxford University Press, New York NY et al. 1991, ISBN 0-19-504652-8 , p. 1215.
• Peter Gemeinhardt : The Filioque Controversy between Eastern and Western Churches in the Early Middle Ages (= writings on church history. Vol. 82). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 2002, ISBN 3-11-017491-X , pp. 331–333, (also: Marburg, Universität, dissertation, 2001/2002).
• Axel Bayer: Division of Christianity. The so-called Morgenländische Schisma of 1054 (= supplements to the archive for cultural history . 53). 2nd, unchanged edition. Böhlau, Köln et al. 2004, p. 67, ISBN 3-412-14204-2 (also: Köln, Universität, Dissertation, 2000).

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} John Meyendorff: Leo of Ohrid. In: Alexander P. Kazhdan (Ed.): The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Volume 2. 1991, p. 1215.
2. ↑ "Leo for the first time shifted the religious estrangement between East and West toward liturgical and disciplinary issues." (J. Meyendorff)
3. ^ André Vauchez , Richard Dobson , Michael Lapidge (eds.): Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. Volume 1: A-J. Clarke et al., Cambridge 2000, 0-227-67931-8, p. 841.

predecessor	Office	successor
Johann I. Debranin	Archbishop of Ohrid 1037-1056	Theodolus I.