Leptospirosis of Ruminants
The Leptospirosis of ruminants is a bacterial disease of ruminants . The main (serologically indistinguishable) serovars are Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjoprajitno, which occurs only in Europe, and Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjobovis, which occurs worldwide. The serovars Leptospira kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa, Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae and Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona, which used to be the main pathogen, have now been pushed into the background.
Ruminant leptospirosis is particularly widespread in regions with extensive grazing. Ruminant leptospirosis is very common in the United States .
Pathogenesis
The natural focus is an important reservoir of pathogens: the rodent species brown rat , fire mouse and other mice and hamster species should be mentioned here in particular . Leptospira can survive for a long time in humid and warm surroundings (contaminated water!). The pathogens then actively penetrate the body through the mucous membrane ; Cover infections are also possible. This leads to bacteremia , the formation of endotoxins and damage to the red blood cells , the central nervous system , the blood vessels and other organs. Even fruits can be damaged. When the immune defense system sets in, almost all pathogens are killed, but remain in the kidney tubules and are excreted in the urine for a long time.
clinic
Symptoms include fever , jaundice , hemoglobinuria, and anemia . In the bacteraemia stage, apathy , reluctance to eat and a decline in performance occur. Infected animals shed the pathogen for 20 months.
diagnosis
The pathogen is cultivated and detected by dark field microscopy . Serological detection is also possible.
Therapy and prophylaxis
Effective antibiotics are penicillin , aminopenicillins , dihydrostreptomycin, and tetracycline . Vaccination is possible, but currently not necessary in Germany due to the low prevalence .
Animal Disease Act
Ruminant leptospirosis is a reportable animal disease . In Austria it is subject to official surveillance under the Zoonoses Act.
Leptospirosis is one of the zoonoses . The control is based on serological monitoring programs or vaccinations.
literature
- Medical microbiology, infection and epidemic theory von Rolle / Mayr, Enke Verlag Stuttgart (2007)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Annex to Section 1 of the Ordinance on Notifiable Animal Diseases (TKrMeldpflV) in the version published on February 11, 2011 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 252 ), last amended by Article 381 of the Ordinance of August 31, 2015 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 1474 )
- ^ Zoonoses Act of November 18, 2005
