Lignosis hearing film system Breusing

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The Lignose Hörfilm System Breusing GmbH was a short-lived German sound film company founded in the late 1920s , which existed from 1928 to 1933 and had its business premises at Lindenstrasse 32-34 in Berlin .

Career

The German playwright, lyricist, publisher, film director, producer and screenwriter Heinrich Bolten-Baeckers founded the production company BB-Film-Fabrikation Bolten-Baeckers in Berlin in 1909 , which produced undemanding entertainment films for UFA until 1923 . Her studio, the BB Atelier, was in Berlin-Steglitz . But Bolten gave up in 1918 to move to the Vitascope studio founded in 1912 at Lindenstrasse 32–34.

At Lignose AG, a factory for products made from gun cotton such as celluloid and explosives, Bolten took over the general agency for raw lignose film. In January 1928, together with this company, he founded the company "Lignose Hörfilm System Breusing GmbH", which was supposed to utilize Kurt Breusing's sound process .

Kurt (also: Curt) Breusing was a student of privy councilor Adolf Miethe and had already started his first attempts at talkies around 1920. In June 1923, Breusing then presented the results of his research to the public for the first time. The Breusing system was a pin tone process in which the sound of the film was stored on a gramophone record that ran synchronously with the film. The Berlin company "Artiphon" of the manufacturer Herrmann Eisner took over the production of the panels .

After Bolten's negotiations about a collaboration with the UFA failed, the first lignosis audio film was shown publicly in Dresden in May 1928 at the exhibition “The Technical City”. He showed the guard in front of the Berlin Palace , accompanied by military music .

In 1928 a total of four “lignosis audio films” were made using the Breusing system.

A later showing as part of a Berlin theater revue prompted the censors to deal with the new medium of sound film for the first time.

After joining IG Farbenindustrie , the Lignose Society leaned on the "British Photophone" in the way of its sound process, which used light tone with "zigzag" (amplitude process). Breusing's light tone experiments with the Braun tube had not led to practical results.

Klangfilm GmbH , founded on October 3, 1928, acquired the majority of the lignosis audio film patents from “British Photophone” in early 1929.

At the end of 1931 Tobis-Melofilm GmbH, a subsidiary of Tobis-Industrie-GmbH, took over the BB-Atelier. Studio recordings for cultural, feature and short films were made here. In addition, silent films were dubbed here.

From April 1930, Bruno Suckau worked as a permanent film sound engineer for Lignose-Hörfilm and UFA before he founded his own company.

Filmography

  1. Lignosis hearing film system Breusing. Germany 1928, short documentary film (1 act, 180 m), censorship: May 11, 1928, test no. B. 18996, youth free.
  2. Lignosis audio film system Breusing. Germany 1928, short documentary film (4 files, 337 m), censorship: June 21, 1928, test no. B. 19316, youth free.
  3. Lignosis audio film system Breusing. Germany 1928, short documentary film (2 files, 208 m), censorship: August 17, 1928, test number B. 19761, youth ban.
  4. Lignose Hörfilm System Breusing “One may still ask questions”. Germany 1928, (1 act, 113 m), censorship: August 20, 1928, test no. B.19843, Approved; Censorship: August 29, 1928, test no. O.00748, Approved. The actor was Hubert von Meyerinck .
  5. Lignose audio film Germany 1928/1929, short documentary film (509 m, 19 min), censorship: February 7, 1929, test no. B. 21630, free of minors.

The first Swedish sound film Säg det i toner (Say it with tones) ( Julius Jaenzon och Edvin Adolphson 1929), the first Polish sound film Na Sybir (To Siberia) ( Henryk Szaro 1930), but also the German experimental short Ins Blau , the directorial debut by the cameraman Eugen Schüfftan , were lignosis audio films. The German short film Die Hasenpfote from 1932 was probably the last lignosis audio film produced in-house.

Lignose-Hörfilm was involved in a production entitled Germany awakened , which was made in 1933 by the "Deutsche Film Gesellschaft" and the NSDAP . The client was the Reich Propaganda Management of the NSDAP , Main Department IV (Film) (Berlin). The documentary with the subtitle "A Document from the Rebirth of Germany" was 1565 meters long and played 57 minutes.

literature

  • Támàs B. Báko: Restoration of nonlinearly distorted optical soundtracks ... 2004, (English; PDF ; 7.3 MB)
  • Herbert Birett: Silent film music. Material collection. Deutsche Kinemathek, Berlin 1970.
  • Ernesto Cauda: Cinematografia sonora - elementi teorico-pratici. Hoepli, Milano 1930 (Italian).
  • Raymond Fielding: A Technological History of Motion Pictures and Television. University of California Press, 1967, p. 115.
  • Ralf Forster: Boehner, Fritz (aka Friedrich Karl). In: Saxon Biography. ed. from the Institute for Saxon History and Folklore eV, arr. by Martina Schattkowsky. ( online , accessed May 5, 2014).
  • Annual show German work (7, 1928, Dresden): The technical city. Seventh Annual Show of German Labor Dresden 1928. Exhibition catalog (= Volume 7 of the exhibition catalog, Annual Show of German Labor). Verlag der Jahresschau Dt. Work, 1928.
  • Annual Review of German Labor Dresden 1928 "The technical city": Figures from the Saxon economy with e. color map insert, important locations of Saxon industries; Stand "Electricity in banking" Hall 15. Verlag Gebr. Arnhold, 1928.
  • Lodewijk Lichtveld: De geluidsfilm. WL en J. Brusse's Uitgeversmaatschappij. Rotterdam 1933 (Dutch).
  • Wolfgang Mühl-Benninghaus: The Struggle For The Sound Film: Strategies of the Electrical and Film Industry in the 20s and 30s. (= Federal Archives Koblenz: Writings of the Federal Archives. Volume 54). Droste Verlag, 1999, ISBN 3-7700-1608-4 .
  • Sound film program in the universe: RCA sound films, sound films, lignose breusing, universal. In: Hans Wollenberg: Film journalist. with reviews and essays by Hans Wollenberg; Essay by Ulrich Döge. Edition Text + Criticism, München 2013.
  • Hans Wollenberg: The sound film. Basics and practice of its recording and playback. With the collaboration of well-known specialists. Edited by Heinz Umbehr. Published by Hans Wollenberg. (= Books of practice. Volume IV). Verlag der "Lichtbildbühne", Berlin 1930, pp. 72–73 and p. 260, fig. 154.
  • Friedrich von Zglinicki: The way of the film. History of cinematography and its predecessors. Rembrandt Verlag, Berlin 1956.

Web links

Illustrations

Audio documents

References and comments

  1. ↑ Vitascope Atelier. In: Berlin film studios. A little lexicon. cinegraph.de, accessed on May 15, 2014 .
  2. ↑ Lignose Sprengstoffwerke, Moltkestrasse 1, Berlin, was a powder and ammunition factory before, during and after World War I, cf. vestpockets.bauli.at
  3. ↑ cf. Mühl-Benninghaus, 1999, p. 45.
  4. ↑ 1862–1927, physicist, photochemist and publicist. From 1899 he held the chair for photochemistry and was temporarily rector of the Technical University of Charlottenburg (today TU Berlin); In 1903 he developed the first reproducible process for color photography.
  5. ↑ cf. Wollenberg, 1930, pp. 72-73; Zglinicki, 1956, p. 631 f.
  6. ↑ cf. to the Swedish sound film Säg det i toner (1929) on svenskfilmdadabas.se : "Ljudsystem: Lignose-Hörfilm, Breusing System - Artiphon-Record".
  7. ↑ Artiphon-Record Herrmann Eisner (born on March 24, 1860 in Brieg , Silesia , died on March 7, 1927 in Berlin, see Hugo Strötbaum: Hermann / Herrmann EISNER. In: recordingpioneers.com. Retrieved on May 15, 2014 (English ). ), Berlin SW 19, Beuthstr. 1, cf. Fig. Of the company card at grammophon-platten.de , accessed on August 15, 2018.
  8. ↑ The group did not want to make any further investments beyond the acquisition of the equipment required for the demonstration, cf. Mühl-Benninghaus, 1999, p. 45.
  9. ↑ The exhibition took place from May 16 to September 30, 1928 in the exhibition halls at Stübelplatz, cf. johannstadtarchiv.de , accessed on August 15, 2018: “Another innovation was the 'sounding and speaking film' based on the Breusing system which was presented for the first time at the exhibition. The trial film showed the watch elevator in front of the Berlin Palace with hearty marching music and was viewed with great admiration by the amazed spectators. At the same time, the technical innovation also raised many questions. ” - The organizer was the Erlangen- based entrepreneur and film producer Fritz (actually Friedrich Karl) Boehner (* May 29, 1896; † June 29, 1959), cf. saebi.isgv.de , accessed on August 15, 2018: “In May 1928, his company took part in the debate about the sound film and presented a film based on the Breusing system, a technique in which the Sound to the film was played from a record. "
  10. ↑ Filmography Lignose Hörfilm System Breusing GmbH (Berlin). In: filmportal.de. Retrieved August 15, 2018 .
  11. ↑ It would have to be about the 4th lignosis audio film System Breusing with the title Man will still be able to ask , in which Hubert von Meyerinck appeared; however, it is not the text of the couplet presented therein that is the subject of censorship, but copyright considerations. See Albert Hellman: De geluidsfilm 1930, dbnl.org . Retrieved on August 15, 2018 (Dutch): “Ook in Duitschland he came across powerful firms the buiten de Tobis stonden, with their own verbeteringen en change from the klankfilm. De 'Lignose-Breusing' is known as the first slachtoffer of the Duitsche censuur op de klank der geluidsfilms. "
  12. ↑ James zu Hüningen: Photophone. In: Lexicon of film terms. Institute for Modern German Literature and Media, February 10, 2012, accessed on May 15, 2014 .
  13. ↑ Curt Breusing, who relied on the "Sprossenschrift" ( variable density , density method), wanted as a light control organ instead of a discharge or a surface glow lamp ("Aeolight" at deForest, Movietone, "Ultra Frequency Lamp" at Vogt-Engel-Masolle, Tri-Ergon ) use a cathode ray tube, which, however, provided too little light intensity for the soundtrack, so that the recording was too quiet and the useful-interference-signal ratio was unfavorable, cf. Báko, 2004, p. 35.
  14. ↑ cf. Compilation by Birett, 1970, p. 153: Breusing, K., Berlin, patents no. 418,541, 449,708, 455,084; Mühl-Benninghaus, 1999, p. 101.
  15. ↑ “The studio recordings for numerous large-scale cultural films and a large number of feature and cultural short films have already been made here, and dubbing is being carried out continuously. (...) Restriction to pure post-synchronization operation is planned for later. ”Cf. cinegraph.de , accessed on August 15, 2018.
  16. ↑ Censorship decision cf. filmportal.de , difarchiv.deutsches-filminstitut.de . Accessed on August 15, 2018.
  17. ↑ cf. cyranos.ch , cineartistes.com , lesgensducinema.com . Accessed on August 15, 2018.
  18. ↑ The fact that the "Breusing system" has not changed in the company name already indicates that from here on the British Photophone optical sound system has been used. Nevertheless, four more pin-tone short films were made by the end of 1929: two feature films and two documentaries, cf. filmportal.de
  19. ↑ cf. Säg det i toner in the Internet Movie Database (English) and svenskfilmdatabas.se , retrieved on August 15, 2018: “Musikinspelning och synkronisering kunde inte Verkställas i Sverige, utan Svensk Filmindustri fick vända sig till ljudfilmsföretaget Lignose Hörfilm var i Berlin, som 1929 ett av de most active in the tyska film industries. Med sitt sk Breusing-System Hörde Lignose till de ljudfilmspionjär som satsade på 33-varvsskivor som ljudbärare. "
  20. ↑ cf. To Siberia in the Internet Movie Database .
  21. ↑ probably originated in 1930, cf. Frederik Lang: A filmographic mystery . In: filmeditio.hypotheses.org , April 8, 2014: “Into the Blue, 1930 (?), Director: Eugen Schüfftan, Book: Dr. Herbert Rona, camera: Laszlo Schäffer, sound: Franz Schröter, music: Harry Ralton, musical direction: Alfred Strasser, assistant director: Dr. Herbert Rona, actors: Toni van Eyck, Karl Balhaus, Aribert Mog, Theo Lingen, Wolfgang Staudte, Franz Stein, Werner Scharf, Alice Iversen, Helene Roberts, production: Prisma-Produktion, sound system: Lignose audio film, sound copy: Fitiko. Copy: Deutsche Kinemathek - Museum for Film and Television, 966 m, approx. 30 min. "
  22. ↑ The hare's paw. In: filmportal.de. Retrieved August 15, 2018 .
  23. ↑ Germany is awakening. A document from the rebirth of Germany. In: filmportal.de. Retrieved August 15, 2018 .
  24. ↑ cf. searchworks.stanford.edu . Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  25. ↑ See Bo G. Svensson at prettofilm.blogspot.de (January 11, 2012) (Swedish)