List of ancient Chinese calendars

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The Dunhuang star map around 700
Su Song star map (1020–1101)

The Chinese calendar is an astronomical lunisolar calendar . It describes astronomical events such as eclipses, etc. Over the centuries, improvements have been made again and again or the basis for calculations was lost in the course of disputes between the Chinese states. This led to a whole series of calendars, e.g. T. were in use at the same time.

Calendar name author Year of creation Year of introduction dynasty Solar year Lunar year
Huangdi, Xia, Yin Zhou, Lu Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 365.25 29.53085
Zhuanxu Unknown Unknown 221 (?) - 105 BC Chr. Qin Dynasty , Han Dynasty 365.25 29.53085
Taichu Deng, Ping, etc. a. 104 BC Chr. 104 BC Chr. -85 AD Han dynasty 365.2502 29.53086
Soaps Li Fan, Zhang Heng 85 85-263 Han dynasty , Shu-Han 365.25 29.53085
Qianxiang Liu Hong 206 223-280 Wu dynasty 365.2462 29.53054
Jingchu Yang Wei 237 237-451 Wei Dynasty , Jin Dynasty , Song Dynasty , Northern Wei 365.2469 29.53060
Sanji Jiang Ji 384 384-417 Later Qin 365.2468 29.53060
Yuanshi Zhao Fei 412 412-439, 452-522 Northern Liang , Northern Wei 365.2443 29.53060
Yuanjia Hey Chengtian 443 445-509 Song , Southern Qi Dynasty , Liang Dynasty 365.2467 29.53059
Daming To Chongzhi 462 510-589 Liang Dynasty , Chen Dynasty 365.2428 29.53059
Zhengguang Zhang Longxiang 521 523-565 Northern Wei , Northern Zhou 365.2437 29.53059
Xinghe Li Yexing 540 540-550 Eastern Wei 365.2442 29.53060
Tianbo Song Jingye 550 551-577 Northern Qi 365.2446 29.53060
Tianhe Jian Luan 566 566-578 Northern Zhou 365.2443 29.53071
Daxing Ma Xian 579 579-583 Northern Zhou , Sui Dynasty 365.2438 29.53063
Kaihuang Zhang Bin 584 584-596 Sui dynasty 365.2434 29.53061
Daye Zhang Zhouxuan 597 597-618 Sui dynasty 365.2430 29.43059
Wuyin Yuan Fu Renjun 619 619-664 Tang Dynasty 365.2446 29.53060
Linden tree Li Chungfeng 665 665-728 Tang Dynasty 365.2448 29.53060
Dayan Yi Xing 728 729-761 Tang Dynasty 365.2444 29.53059

After this time, Indian, Persian and European ideas came and changed the approach of astronomers. Shen Kuo developed the 12 Qijie calendar during the Song Dynasty (960-1127). Persian insights induced Guo Shoujing (1231–1316) to develop the Shoushi calendar (also: Shou shih li (授 時 曆)). It was introduced in 1280 at the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368). It was valid for a long time. Jesuits came to China during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). So it came about that during the early Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) the German missionary Johann Adam Schall von Bell created the Shixian calendar . It was the official calendar until the Minguo calendar was introduced in 1912 . This is still used in the Republic of China (Taiwan) today, while mainland China has used the Gregorian calendar since the People's Republic of China was founded in 1949 . What is known today as the Chinese calendar is the Shixian calendar .

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