Northern Liang
The Northern Liang ( Chinese 北 凉 , Pinyin Bĕi Liáng ; 397 - 439 or 460 ) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China . It was founded by the Juqu family of the Xiongnu ethnic group, although they initially supported the Han official Duan Ye as prince, but then subjugated Duan in 401 and took power directly.
All rulers of the Northern Liang called themselves “wang” (which can be translated as “prince” or “king”).
Most Chinese historians consider the year 439 to be the end of the Northern Liang, when its capital Guzang (姑臧, now Wuwei , Gansu ) fell to the Northern Wei and its prince Juqu Mujian was captured. However, some consider his cousins Juqu Wuhui and Juqu Anzhou , who later settled in Gaochang (高昌, today's Turfan , Xinjiang ) with remnants of the Northern Liang , as a continuation of the Northern Liang, and therefore regard the year 460 as the end of the Northern Liang Liang when Gaochang fell to Rouran and became a vassal and the rest of the Juqu family was slaughtered.
Ruler of the Northern Liang (397-439 or 460)
| Temple name | Posthumous name | Surname and first name | Duration of the reign | Era names and their duration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese convention: family name and first name | ||||
| Northern Liang 397 - 439 (as Gaochang "wang" 442 - 460 ) | ||||
| does not exist | does not exist | Duan Ye (段 業 Duàn Yè) | 397 - 401 |
Shenxi (神 璽 Shénxǐ) 397- 399 Tianxi (天 璽 Tiānxǐ) 399–401 |
| Taizu (太祖 Tàizǔ) | Wuxuan (武宣 Wǔxuān) | Juqu Mengxun (沮 渠 蒙遜 Jǔqú Méngxùn) | 401- 433 |
Yongan (永安Yǒngān) 401- 412 Xuanshi (玄始Xuánshǐ) 412- 428 |
| does not exist | Ai (哀王 āi) | Juqu Mujian (沮 渠 牧 犍 Jǔqú Mùjiān) | 433- 439 |
Yonghe (永和 Yǒnghé) 433-439 |
| does not exist | does not exist | Juqu Wuhui (沮 渠 無 諱 Jǔqú Wúhuí) | 442 - 444 |
Chengping (承平 Chéngpíng) 443 -444 |
| does not exist | does not exist | Juqu Anzhou (沮 渠 安 周 Jǔqú ānzhōu) | 444- 460 |
Chengping (承平 Chéngpíng) 444-460 |