List of chiefs of the Potawatomi

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French period (1615–1763)

The French period began with contact with the first European explorers who came across the Potawatomi in western Michigan . The Potawatomi also settled on the Door Peninsula in Wisconsin opposite.

Chiefs of the French period:

  • Madouche - during the Fox Wars
  • Millouisillyny -
  • Onanghisse ( shimmering light ) near Green Bay
  • Otchik - near Detroit

British period (1763–1783)

The British period began with the end of the French and Indian War . Immediately afterwards the Pontiac Uprising broke out, in which the Potawatomi conquered all British forts in their settlement area with the exception of Detroit. The tribe grew and expanded west. The Potawatomi in Wisconsin extended their settlement area along the coast of Lake Michigan south to Illinois.

British period chiefs:

  • Nanaquiba - near Detroit
  • Ninivois - near Detroit
  • Peshibon - on the St. Joseph River in southwest Michigan
  • Washee - ( swan ) on the St. Joseph River during the Pontiac Uprising

Period of treaties with the USA (1783-1830)

This period began with the Peace of Paris , the end of the American War of Independence . The young United States began to expand its interests to the Great Lakes area, which ultimately led to Indian resettlement as a result of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. Contracts with individual Potawatomi chiefs were viewed by the USA as valid for the entire tribe, although the Potawatomi had no central organization. The individual groups were divided into different regions: the area around what is now Milwaukee in Wisconsin, the area around Detroit in southeast Michigan, the area on the St. Joseph River in southwest Michigan, the area on the Kankakee River in Illinois and Indiana, the area the Wabash River in Indiana, the central Illinois area, and the Fox River area in northeast Illinois and southeastern Wisconsin.

The individual regional groups were led by the following chiefs:

Milwaukee Potawatomi

  • Manamol
  • Siggenauk

Chicago Potawatomi

  • Burnett
  • Sauganash (1780–1841) - also known by the English name Billy Caldwell

Des Plaines and Fox Rivers Potawatomi

  • Mukatapenaise under the English name - Blackbird known
  • Waubansee
  • Waweachsetoh

Illinois River Potawatomi

Shabbona
  • Mucktypoke
  • Senachewine
  • Shabbona

Kankakee River Potawatomi

  • Main Poc
  • Micsawbee
  • Notawkah - English name: Rattlesnake (German: "Rattlesnake"), lived on the Yellow River
  • Nuscotomeg - lived on the Iroquois River and the Kankakee River
  • Mesasa -

St. Joseph and Elkhart Potawatomi

  • Chebass - lived on the St. Joseph River
  • Wa-nyano-zhoneya - lived on the Elkhart River
  • Onaska - lived on the Elkhart River
  • Jerusalem artichoke (?? - 1826)

Tippecanoe and Wabash River Potawatomi

  • Aubenaubee (1761–1837 / 8) - lived on the Tippecanoe River
  • Askum - lived on the Eel River
  • George Cicott (1800? –1833)
  • Keesass - lived on the Wabash River
  • Kewanna (1790? –1840s?) - lived on the Eel River
  • Kinkash - lived on the Eel River
  • Magaago
  • Monoquet (1790s – 1830s) - lived on the Tippecanoe River
  • Tiosa - lived on the Tippecanoe River
  • Winamac (American Period I) - (English: Catfish. German: Wels ) ally of the British in the war of 1812
  • Winamac (American Period II) - ally of the Americans in the War of 1812

Fort Wayne Potawatomi

  • Metea (1760? –1827)
  • Wabnaneme - lived on the Pigeon River

Period of resettlement ( "Trail of Death" , 1830–1840)

This period began with the treaties of the late 1820s when the US began establishing Indian reservations. The settlement area of ​​the Indians became smaller and smaller under increasing settlement pressure from Europe, so that the government of the USA decided the final resettlement of the Potawatomi to Iowa and Kansas. The Trail of Death of the Potawatomi from Indiana was accompanied by the Catholic priest Benjamin Petit and documented in his diary. The diary was published by the Indiana Historical Society in 1941.

In the meantime, however, many Potawatomi have returned to their old homeland, others avoided deportation to the west by fleeing to their Canadian neighbor tribe the Odawa (Ottawa).

The following chiefs are known from this period:

  • Iowa - lived on the Wabash River
  • Maumksuck - (English Big Foot ), lived on Lake Geneva in Wisconsin
  • Mecosta
  • Chief Menominee (1791? –1841) - lived in Marshall County , Indiana
  • Pamtipee of Nottawasippi
  • Mackahtamoah of Nottawasippi
  • Pashpoho - lived near Rochester , Indiana
  • Pepinawah
  • Leopold Pokagon (around 1775-18 ??)
  • Simon Pokagon (179? - ??) - son of Leopold Pokogon
  • Chechepinquay (?? - 1872) - under the English name Alexander Robinson announced
  • Shupshewahno (1800s – 1841) - lived on Shipshewana Lake
  • Topinbee - lived on the St. Joseph River
  • Wabanim - (English: White Dog. German: White Dog ) lived on the Iroquois River
  • Michicaba - lived on the Iroquois River
  • Wanatah
  • Wewesh

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x R. David Edmunds: The Potawatomis: Keepers of the Fire in University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2069-X "
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Alan McPherson: Indian Names in Indiana
  3. ↑ Facts hard to find on life of Billy Caldwell  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nadignewspapers.com  
  4. ↑ Father Benjamin Petit and the Potawatomi Trail of Death ( Memento from August 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive )