List of Emperors of the Jin Dynasty (265-420)
This is a list of the Jin Dynasty emperors who ruled the Chinese Empire from AD 265 to AD 420. From 280 to 304 they ruled all of China and resided in Luoyang . At the beginning of the 4th century, parts of the empire became independent, so that the Jin dynasty was finally driven out of their dominion by the Han-Zhao in 316 . This ended the Western Jin Dynasty , and Sima Rui founded the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 317 as Emperor Yuan of Jin, with its seat in Jiankang . It existed for more than a century alongside the other Sixteen Realms that arose in China in the 4th century. In 420, the Eastern Jin Dynasty was finally ended by Liu Yu , who founded the Earlier Song Dynasty .
Notes on the columns:
- The temple name is the name given to the emperor's ancestral temple. Not all emperors were given a temple name.
- The posthumous title was given to the emperor as a name of honor after his death. This is also the more common name. The emperors are therefore named according to the following convention: "Jìn" (name of the dynasty) + posthumous name + "dì" (" emperor "). The only exception is the usurper Sima Lun , who briefly seized power in 301.
- According to Chinese customs, the emperor's maiden name is kept in the order family name - first name .
- The era of the Chinese imperial era followed the era announced by the emperor . According to the Christian calendar , the year "Taìshǐ 2" (under Emperor Wu von Jin ) corresponds to the year 266. An era usually represented a distinctive period in the government of an emperor;
List of emperors
(The translations of the era names are rough interpretations that cannot do justice to the complexity of Chinese . They are used for orientation for those with no knowledge.)
Temple name | Posthumous title | Birth Name | Government years | Era names (government currency ) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Western Jin Dynasty 265-316 | ||||
Shìzǔ (世祖) | Wǔ (武) | Sīmǎ Yán (司馬炎) | 265-290 |
Taìshǐ (
泰始 - "peaceful beginning") 265–274
Xiánníng ( 咸寧 / 咸宁 - "fertile peace") 275–280 Tàikāng ( 太康 - "supreme peace") 280–289 Tàixī ( 太 熙 - "highest splendor") January 28, 290–17. May 290 |
Huì (惠) | Sīmǎ Zhōng (司馬 衷) | 290-306 |
Yǒngxī ( 永熙 - "everlasting shine") May 17, 290–15. February 291
Yǒngpíng ( 永平 - "everlasting harmony") February 16–23 . April 291 Yuánkāng ( 元 康 - "Peace of the Dynasty") April 24, 291–6. February 300 Yǒngkāng ( 永 康 - "peaceful splendor") February 7, 300–3. February 301 Yǒngníng ( 永寧 / 永宁 - "perpetual peace") on June 1 301-4. January 303 Tài'ān ( 太 安 - "supreme calm") January 5, 303–21. February 304 Yǒng'ān ( 永安 - "Eternal Peace") February 22–15 . August 304 Jiànwǔ ( 建武 - "preparing for war") August 16–24 . December 304 Yǒng'ān ( 永安 - "Eternal Peace") December 25, 304–3. February 305 Yǒngxīng ( 永興 / 永兴 - "eternal prosperity") on February 4 305-12. July 306 Guāngxī ( 光 熙 - "bright shine") July 13, 306–19. February 307 |
|
Sīmǎ Lún (司 馬倫) | 301 | Jiànshǐ ( 建 始 - “preparing the beginning”) February 3–1. June 301 | ||
Huái (懷) | Sīmǎ Chì (司馬 熾) | 306-313 | Yǒngjiā ( 永嘉 - "eternal excellence") 306–313 | |
Mǐn (愍) | Sīmǎ Yè (司馬 鄴) | 313-316 | Jiànxīng ( 建興 / 建兴 - " Establishing Prosperity") 313–317 | |
Eastern Jin Dynasty 317-420 | ||||
Zhōngzōng (中 宗) | Yuán (元) | Sīmǎ Ruì (司馬 睿) | 317-322 |
Jiànwǔ ( 建武 - " arranging war") 317–318
Tàixīng ( 太 興 / 太 兴 - "highest prosperity") 318–322 Yǒngchāng ( 永昌 - "eternal prosperity") 322 |
Sùzǔ (肅 祖) | Míng (明) | Sīmǎ Shaò (司 馬紹) | 322-325 | Tàiníng ( 太 寧 / 太 宁 - "supreme peace") 322–326 |
Xiǎngzōng (顯宗) | Chéng (成) | Sīmǎ Yǎn (司馬 衍) | 325-342 |
Xiánhé ( 咸 和 - "fruitful harmony") 326–335
Xíankāng ( 咸康 - "fruitful peace") 335–342 |
Kang | Sīmǎ Yuè (司 馬岳) | 342-344 | Jiànyuán ( 建元 - " Establish Dynasty") 343–344 | |
Xiàozōng (孝宗) | Mù (穆) | Sīmǎ Dān (司馬 聃) | 344-361 |
Yǒnghé ( 永和 - "eternal harmony") 345–357
Shēngpíng ( 升平 - "world") 357–361 |
Āi (哀) | Sīmǎ Pī (司馬 丕) | 361-365 |
Lónghé ( 隆 和 - “great peace”) March 2, 362–5. February 363
Xīngníng ( 興寧 / 兴宁 - "blooming peace") February 6, 363–365 |
|
Fèi (廢) | Sīmǎ Yì (司 馬奕) | 365-371 | Taìhé ( 太和 - "great harmony") 366–371 | |
Taìzōng (太宗) | Jiǎnwén (簡 文) | Sīmǎ Yù (司 馬昱) | 371-372 | Xián'ān ( 咸安 - "fruitful peace") 371–372 |
Xiàowǔ (孝武) | Sīmǎ Yaò (司馬曜) | 372-396 |
Níngkāng ( 寧康 / 宁康 - "calm peace") February 19, 373–9. February 376
Tàiyuán ( 太 元 - "highest dynasty") February 10, 376-12. February 397 |
|
Ān (安) | Sīmǎ Dézōng (司 馬德宗) | 396-418 |
Lóng'ān ( 隆安 - "great peace") February 13, 397-17. February 402
Yuánxīng ( 元 興 / 元 兴 - "flourishing dynasty") February 18, 402–1. March 405 Yìxī ( 義熙 / 义熙 - "true prosperity") March 2, 405-418 |
|
Gōng (恭) | Sīmǎ Déwén (司馬 德文) | 418-420 | Yuánxī ( 元 熙 - "brilliant dynasty") February 11, 419-10. July 420 |
family tree
See also
literature
- Wolfram Eberhard , Alide Eberhard: History of China. From the beginnings to the present (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 413). Kröner, Stuttgart 1971, DNB 456503854 .
- Jacques Gernet: The Chinese World . Frankfurt am Main 1977. ISBN 3-518-38005-2 .