Cleft lips
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The worldwide widespread cleft lip ( Lophodermium ) form the largest genus of the hose fungus family of the wrinkled scab relatives (Rhytismataceae) with over 145 species described . The genus contains both saprophytic , i.e. living on dead plant material, and parasitic species.
features
Cleft lips always form what is known as a hysterothecium as a fruiting body , which is embedded in the host tissue and opens with a narrow lip-shaped cleft. The ripe fruiting body is delimited towards the inside towards the hymenium and is always longer than wide, sometimes oval, but typically lip-like. The asci usually have 8 hyaline, unseptate spores , which are sometimes twisted or coiled, and are always much longer than wide, their length-to-width ratio varies between 10: 1 and 15: 1 depending on the species. Cleft lips have unbranched elongated paraphyses .
Ecology and diffusion
The cleft lips are mainly saprophytic, sometimes also parasitic on various plants. Hosts from numerous plant families are settled, but a particularly large number of species live on different pine plants with more than 20 different species, but also on sweet grasses and heather-like . They are often host-specific and tied to a species or a certain genus. Some, especially the species that populate sweet grasses, can also attack several plant species. Lophodermium seditiosum , the causative agent of the pine chute that lives on pine needles , is particularly important for forestry . In the literature, Lophodermium pinastri is often mentioned as the causative agent, as it also colonizes pine needles, but it has now been proven that it lives saprophytic.
species
145 species are known worldwide. The database of mushrooms in Austria lists 12 species.
| Cleft lips ( lyphodermium ) in Europe |
Systematics
As in many broad genres, the delimitation was not clear until recently. In a current molecular biological investigation of the Rhytismatales, the polyphyly of the order was demonstrated, which meant that it had to be rewritten. Also Lophodermium is polyphyletisch and various species were found in all three Hauptklades. The type species Lophodermium arundinaceum forms a well-supported clade together with most grass-dwelling species . This well-studied group is morphologically homogeneous and should be considered as Lophodermium sensu stricto . The species associated with pine and juniper also form a clade, but more research is needed to finally clarify the taxonomy of these species.
literature
- Tehon, LR A monographic rearrangement of Lophodermium : Illinois Biological Monographs 13 (4), 1935
- Ortiz-Garcia S, Gernandt DS, Stone JK, Johnston PR, Chapela IH, Salas-Lizana R, Alvarez-Buylla ER . 2003. Phylogenetics of Lophodermium from pine . Mycologia 95: 846-859.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kirk, PM, Cannon, PF, Minter, DW, & Stalpers, JA: Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed . CABI, Wallingford 2008, ISBN 0-85199-826-7 , p. 393.
- ^ Lumbsch, TH, & Huhndorf, SM: Outline of Ascomycota - 2007 . In: The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA (Ed.): Myconet . December 13, 2007, pp. 1-58.
- ↑ Phillips, DH, & Burdekin, DA (1992): Diseases of Forest and Ornamental Trees , ed. 2. Macmillan, ISBN 0-333-49493-8
- ↑ Cheng-Lin Hou, Li Li, & Meike Piepenbring (2009): Lophodermium pini-mugonis sp. nov. on needles of Pinus mugo from the Alps based on morphological and molecular data. Mycol. Progress 8: 29-33.
- ↑ Minter, DW: Fungi of Ukraine , Rhytismatales: Lophodermium ( Memento of the original from May 2, 2002 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . CAB International.
- ↑ Pacific Northwest Fungi Database: Lophodermium ( Memento of the original from July 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Forst.tu-muenchen ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria , accessed on December 21, 2016
- ↑ Johnston PR., 2001: Monograph of the Monocotyledon-inhabiting species of Lophodermium. Mycol Pap 176: 1-239.
- ↑ Lantz, H., Johnston, PR., Park, D., Minter, DW., 2011: Molecular phylogeny reveals a core clade of Rhytismatales. Mycologia, 103: 57-74. doi : 10.3852 / 10-060 .
