Lophodermium seditiosum
| Lophodermium seditiosum | ||||||||||||
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Tree diseased with pine chute |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lophodermium seditiosum | ||||||||||||
| Minter , Staley & Millar |
The fungus Lophodermium seditiosum calls to the jaws chute (or Föhrenschütte one of the major diseases) Pine forth.
features
Macroscopic features
The needles of the infected tree initially show small yellow spots in autumn, which are used for forecasting. If more than 5 such infection spots appear, they die and fall off by the end of May at the latest. Sometimes several so-called shock waves can occur. The fruiting bodies, the so-called hysterothecia , are formed on the two-year-old dead needles on the ground during the summer. They are 1 to 1.5 mm in size, black, oval and slightly curved, which is reminiscent of the shape of a boat. They are criss-crossed by a greenish shimmering longitudinal slit that opens in damp weather and from which the spores are then released.
Microscopic features
The ascospores are unicellular, filiform and 90–130 μm long. Sometimes a minor crop form is formed before the main crop form . This creates elongated black pycnidia in which microconidia are 5 to 8 × 1 μm in size .
Species delimitation
The pine needle cleft lip is very similar to Lophodermium pinastri , which was previously also regarded as the causative agent of the pine chute , as it also colonizes pine needles , but it has now been proven that it lives saprophytic . It differs from the pine chute in that its fruiting bodies have a reddish cleft lip and more than 5 epidermal cells above the basal wall. In addition, the dead needles have several black demarcation lines. It is usually an accompanying or secondary fungus of Lophodermium seditiosum .
Ecology and diffusion
The fungus primarily affects young pines and seedlings, older trees are hardly affected. Fruit bodies are formed on the needles lying on the ground, especially when there is abundant rainfall between June and September. The fungus attacks a number of two- and three-needle pines. Over 40 host species have been identified so far. These include Scots pine , Swiss stone pine , coastal pine , mountain pine , maritime pine and Monterey pine . It is widespread in Central and Northern Europe, and possibly spread to North America from there.
In the case of the pine chute, prophylactic treatment is recommended. So damp locations should be avoided. There are also considerable differences in resistance depending on the origin of the young trees. Fungicides such as propiconazole , which has only had limited success, as well as azoxystrobin and fluazinam are used to combat it .
literature
- Heinz Butin : Diseases of the forest and park trees . Georg Thieme Verlag, 1983, ISBN 3-13-639002-4 .
- S. Ortiz-Garcia, DS Gernandt, JK Stone, PR Johnston, IH Chapela, R. Salas-Lizana, ER Alvarez-Buylla: Phylogenetics of Lophodermium from pine. (PDF; 391 kB) In: Mycologia. 2003; 95, pp. 846-859.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jana Tálos: Schwarzföhren-Death at the southern foot of the Jura , Bieler Tagblatt, July 20, 2016, online
- ^ Heinz Butin : Diseases of the forest and park trees . Georg Thieme Verlag, 1983, ISBN 3-13-639002-4 .
- ↑ a b c Forst TU Munich: Lophodermium seditiosum ( Memento of the original from June 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ S. Ortiz-Garcia, DS Gernandt, JK Stone, PR Johnston, IH Chapela, R. Salas-Lizana, ER Alvarez-Buylla: Phylogenetics of Lophodermium from pine. (PDF; 391 kB) In: Mycologia. 2003; 95, pp. 846-859.
- ^ A b I. M. Smith: European handbook of plant diseases . Blackwell Scientific Publications
- ↑ E. Stenström, B. Arvidsson: Fungicidal Control of Lophodermium seditiosum on Pinus sylvestris Seedlings in Swedish Forest Nurseries . In: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 2001; 16, pp. 147-154.
