Monterey pine

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Monterey pine
Young Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata)

Young Monterey Pine ( Pinus radiata )

Systematics
Class : Coniferopsida
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Pine family (Pinaceae)
Subfamily : Pinoideae
Genre : Pine ( Pinus )
Type : Monterey pine
Scientific name
Pinus radiata
D. Don

The Monterey pine ( Pinus radiata ) is a plant from the genus of pine trees ( Pinus ). The abbreviation as commercial timber according to DIN EN 13556 is PNRD.

description

The Monterey pine is an evergreen tree that reaches heights of growth of up to around 40 meters in its home area and in colder zones, and much higher in other locations. The crown is glossy green up close, but looks blackish green from a distance. The needles, about 10 cm long, are densely packed in tufts of three; they are very thin and shiny green.

The cones are somewhat egg-shaped and clearly asymmetrical at the base and are usually lively in groups of three to five around the branch.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.

Occurrence and growth

The natural occurrence of the Monterey pine is limited to a very small area around Monterey and Cambria in the coastal region of California . It is also found in Mexico on the islands of Guadalupe and Isla de Cedros . Presumably, the Monterey pine was pushed from its formerly much larger home to this coastal area during an Ice Age climatic collapse and was only barely able to escape ultimate extinction here. That the climatic or the soil conditions in the area around Monterey are not particularly suitable for it is concluded from the fact that this pine has a relatively normal growth rate there. In the forestry, commercial cultivation, especially in New Zealand , Chile , South Africa and other countries (including smaller stands in Europe), however, it has proven to be the fastest-growing of all about 115 species of pine. At many of these “new” locations, the Monterey pine also proves to be undemanding to the nature of the soil and summer moisture. Trees in New Zealand reached a stature height of 60 meters by the age of 40 and the trunk cross-section increased by 20 to 30 mm per year. In Central Europe, however , the Monterey pine is not sufficiently hardy.

Systematics

Pinus radiata was first described in 1836 by David Don in the journal "Transactions of the Linnean Society of London", Volume 17, Page 442. One can distinguish between two varieties:

  • Pinus radiata var. Binata (Engelm.) Lemmon (Syn .: Pinus insignis var. Binata Engelm. , Pinus muricata var. Cedrosensis J.T. Howell , Pinus radiata f. Guadalupensis J.T. Howell ): It occurs only in Mexico on the islands of Guadalupe and Isla de Cedros before.
  • Pinus radiata var. Radiata (Syn .: Pinus rigida Hook. & Arn. , Pinus tuberculata D. Don , Pinus insignis Douglas ex Loudon ): It occurs in California.

use

  • Because of its rapid growth, the Monterey pine was planted after fires in some forest areas in the Mediterranean region for quick reforestation and as a quick protection against erosion . It was also used for afforestation in South Africa and Australia , and for commercial logging in New Zealand . In South Africa, however, the Monterey pine is now one of the plant species that are considered problematic. The Monterey pine not only penetrates the fynbos , but also negatively affects the water balance. Programs such as the South African Working for Water therefore aim to remove this type of tree, among other things.
  • The Monterey pine produces four to five times the wood yield in forestry compared to the common pine .
  • It provides a medium-quality timber that is mainly used for packaging purposes (pallets, etc.), paper and cellulose.
  • It is used as modified wood ( artificial acetylation ) in exterior components, as it then has a significantly improved durability.

photos

  • Detached Monterey Pine in the USA

  • Monterey pine forest cultivated in Australia

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tropicos. [1]
  2. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Pinus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 22, 2019.
  3. ↑ Andrew Balmford: Wild hope - On the Front Lines of Conservation Success . The University of Chicago Press, London 2012, ISBN 978-0-226-03600-7 , pos. 1280.

Web links

Commons : Monterey Pine  - Album containing pictures, videos and audio files