Louisenkoog

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The Louisenkoog (formerly Louisen Russias-Koog ) is a 409  hectare large Koog in the municipality Reußenköge , North Friesland . It was named in honor of the builder Count Heinrich XLIII. Reuss zu Köstritz named after his wife Louise. It was completed in 1799.

topography

The Louisenkoog is located in the middle of the North Frisian Marsh in the Middle North Frisia region. The Koog is sparsely populated. In terms of traffic, it is accessible via two parallel streets that lead from the Bordelum district of Sterdebüll and from the Alten Langenhorner Koog near Nissenshörn to the upstream Sönke-Nissen-Koog and cross the Louisenkoog. One of them is now classified as a county road, the second is an asphalt farm road. The so-called Mittelweg runs lengthways through the Koog. The neighboring keds are:

Ockholmer Koog Sterdebüller Alter Koog
Sönke-Nissen-Koog Neighboring communities Sterdebüller Neuer Koog
Reußenkoog

Due to its age, it is one of the young marshes . The settlement structure corresponds to that of a scattered settlement . The settlements form individual farmsteads that were laid out along the Mittelweg.

history

Before colonization

The history of the Louisenkoog goes back to the so-called Bredstedter Werk . After the Danish King Christian IV's plan to dike the North Sea bay in front of the city of Bredstedt in one go failed, an octroy was awarded to the royal Danish privy councilor Jean Henri Huguetan Graf von Gyldensteen and his son, the conference councilor Jean Henri Desmercières . These proceeded step by step from 1741 onwards and successively denote the Sophien-Magdalenen-Koog and the Desmerciereskoog .

After the death Desmercières' in 1778 its assets left, he had remained childless, Fideikommiss on his step-nieces and their families over. The growth in front of the diked lands in the Bredstedter Bay was considered the pearl of this heritage. Desmercières, who was a successful entrepreneur, had already allowed the growth to grow rapidly through structural measures, so that after the transfer of the Oktroy to the family of the Princes von Reuss, they could quickly start the dike.

Embankment

After the Reußenkoog, neighboring to the south, had been dammed , the Louisenkoog was tackled a short time later. Similar to the construction of the Reußenkoog dike, this was also divided into individual numbers of around 50 meters in length. Of these, 23 were completed in 1797, another 30 in 1798 and finally 31 in 1799. The dike was closed in August 1799. Here too, local entrepreneurs came into play to do the work. The entrepreneurs had to provide ten cars and 16 men.

Colonization and water dissolution

For settlement, the Koog was measured according to the Eiderstedter land measure. This meant that the lands were divided into so-called land numbers between 18 and 23 Demat and then sold to the highest bidder in a public auction. The buyers were obliged to maintain the dike for ten years. In return, they were granted 18 years tax exemption. It was also mandatory that only those who owned at least 50 Demat land were allowed to build a farm. The land is sold at very short notice, just one week after the dyke closes.

The northern end of the Koog up to the northern cross way, which branched off in Nissenshörn in the old Langenhorner Koog , was bought by an Ockholm farmer. He set up three farms here for the husbands of his two daughters and his own son. They were the first residents.

The total number of owners in 1799 was 49. Often it was communities that bought a number together. Due to the restrictive provisions regarding the establishment of a farm, only four farms were initially created. In addition to the three already mentioned in the north, the fourth farm was built at the intersection of Mittelweg and the southern crossway from Sterdbüller Neuer Koog . In the course of the 20th century, only a fifth was added to the middle section of the Mittelweg. The latter is the only one left in the entire Koog today. Today it is only supplemented by the buildings of the former sow farming cooperative, which is now used by a farmer from the neighboring Sönke-Nissen-Koog for fattening pigs.

The water issue was also of great importance for the Louisenkoog. From the beginning, the main drainage was through a small wooden sluice in the Schenkeldeich to the Reußenkoog. The water from the fields was led through parcel ditches laid across into a sluice channel, which led the water along the outer dike to this lock and then in the Reußenkoog to the Bordelumer Priel. From here it drained through the Bordelumer Siel into the North Sea. The wooden lock was replaced by a concrete lock in 1921. But also in the following time changes of the main water flow were made again and again. In the course of the dike in the Sönke-Nissen-Koog, two small locks were set up in the new central dike. One in the south-eastern corner of the Koog and one in the north of the new central dike. Nevertheless, the Koog remained poorly drained in the period that followed. Only after a change in the course of the establishment of the main sluice association Sönke-Nissen-Koog-Schleuse in 1957, as a result of which the new Sterdebüller Koog was also to be drained via the Bordelumer sluice, a new sluice train became necessary, which in the following time the drainage of the southern part of the Koog significantly improved. However, the northern end of the Koog remained untouched, in the part of which hardly any arable farming could be practiced. This only changed with the construction of another sluice in the northern part of the Koog.

use

Agriculture

Agriculture played the main role of economic use from the beginning. This has remained the case to this day. One of the two remaining farms earns its income from piglet production (including rearing) and from arable farming.

The buildings of the former sow husbandry cooperative are now used as pig fattening stalls. The owner also practices arable farming on the agricultural land.

Living

As in the neighboring arcs, the residential function plays a very subordinate role. Since this is also an outdoor facility in terms of building law , only privileged projects are permitted. Structural growth is thus automatically curbed and is largely limited to the potential construction of agricultural buildings and removal houses for agricultural retirement dividers .

Business

Businesses are not located in the Koog. After it was recognized what potential wind energy could offer at this coastal location, efforts were made from 1996 to obtain the approval of wind turbines as part of a community wind farm. A first preliminary building permit was issued in January 1997. However, it took some time before the systems were erected and electricity could be fed into the Schleswag public grid. Over the years, 15 plants were built that now produce renewable energy. They belong to two local community wind farms . They are supplemented by photovoltaic systems.

Statistical data on the Koog

The table below shows the population and households from the census of May 25, 1987. Since then, these figures have only been updated at community level.

Residential
space
no.		 Koog input
deichung		 Area
km²		 1987 census
population households
4th Reußenkoog 1789 5.11 15th 6th

literature

  • Sielverband Louisen-Reußen-Koog (ed.): Der Louisenkoog 1799–1999. Self-published, Louisenkoog 2000.
  • Harry Kunz, Albert Panten: The Köge of North Frisia. Nordfriisk Instituut, Bredstedt 1997, ISBN 3-88007-251-5 , p. 39.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Reußenköge - Louisenkoog
  2. ↑ incorrect year in the chronicle: 1791
  3. ^ Sielverband Louisen-Reußen-Koog (ed.): Der Louisenkoog 1799–1999. Self-published, Louisenkoog 2000, p. 11ff.
  4. ↑ ibid, p. 13.
  5. ↑ ibid.
  6. ↑ ibid, p. 19.
  7. ↑ ibid, p. 20.
  8. ↑ ibid, p. 29ff.
  9. ↑ ibid, p. 15.
  10. ↑ ibid, p. 17.
  11. ↑ Data source: Federal Companies Register
  12. ^ Sielverband Louisen-Reußen-Koog (ed.): Der Louisenkoog 1799–1999. Self-published, Louisenkoog 2000, pp. 60f.

Coordinates: 54 ° 38 ′ 26 ″  N , 8 ° 52 ′ 24 ″  E