Sönke-Nissen-Koog

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The Sönke-Nissen-Koog is a Koog in the municipality of Reußenköge in the district of North Friesland in Schleswig-Holstein . It is around 1,200  hectares in size and the youngest of the inhabited kegs in the municipality. It was diked between 1924 and 1926 on the private initiative of local farmers by the dyke building cooperative founded for this purpose. The Koog is named after the North Frisian railway engineer Sönke Nissen , who worked in the colony of German South West Africa - now Namibia - and who, as a member of the cooperative, financially supported the construction of the dyke. The state road 11 runs over the Sönke-Nissen-Koog from Altendeich to Bredstedt to the federal road 5 .

topography

The Sönke-Nissen-Koog is located in the middle of the North Frisian Marsh in the Middle North Frisia region. It forms the northwestern end of the Reußenköge community and is upstream of the Louisenkoog and Reußenkoog to the west. The Koog is sparsely populated. The neighboring keds are:

Ockholmer Koog Louisenkoog
Neighboring communities
Beltringharder Koog Cecilienkoog Reußenkoog

Due to its age, it is one of the young marshes . The settlement structure largely corresponds to that of a scattered settlement of individual farmsteads, some of which have been supplemented by so-called acceptance houses for old people.

history

Before colonization

After the Cecilienkoog was dyed, an elongated bay of more than 1,000 hectares remained open to the north of it. Due to the dam to the Hamburger Hallig, this area was silted up very quickly and therefore dyke-ready in a short time. Even before the First World War, the state was considering dying in this area. Due to the war, however, the plan was dropped again.

After the war ended, farmers from the neighboring Kögen came together and decided to try again. Under the leadership of the local Koogsvorsteher from the Cecilienkoog, contact was made with various banks for the purpose of financing this project. Despite the support of the Husum district administrator at the time, this attempt was unsuccessful. It was only through contact with Sönke Nissen , an industrialist from the North Frisian town of Klockries who had become wealthy in German South West Africa through diamond finds, that the project could still be realized.

Embankment

In the autumn of 1923 the founding assembly of the future dyke building cooperative came together. In advance, a purchase agreement between the tax authorities and the Koogsvorsteher for the transfer of the dyke building rights had already been concluded, into which the dyke building cooperative entered after the establishment.

A joint venture made up of Hackbarth, Berlin, and the Niematz brothers, Neumünster, was selected for the construction work through a public tender. In April 1924 work began on the dike. They should last until 1926. The main difficulties arose from inflation in the 1920s. The wage costs for the companies involved in the construction tripled by the end of construction in 1926. Construction materials and operating resources also became more expensive during this time, so that the cooperative had to repeatedly make advances on the agreed regular installments. In addition, the entire construction site was initially overshadowed by a poor working atmosphere. The externally contracted lock construction project remained unaffected by the problems mentioned. This was handed over turnkey in December 1924.

The problems with the companies commissioned to build the dykes led to a first arbitration process in the winter of 1924/1925, as well as a new tender for the trade, in which the Polensky / Dr. Rathjens from Naumburg (Saale) was awarded the contract. The machines began to be delivered in January. The dyke construction work has now continued on three construction sites (north, center, south). The number of employees was up to 1,000, so the work progressed rapidly this year. At the end of the year the dike was built along its entire length, but did not yet have the required crown height of +6.80 m above sea level. This was made up for in 1926.

Drainage and settlement

Parts of the future drainage system were built while the dyke was being built. For the construction of the dike, clay was required, which was taken along the new outer dike on the inside. The ditch created in this way has served as a receiving water for the rainwater that has run off since the dyke was built . The largest tributary was and is the Bordelumer Priel . The Sönke-Nissen-Koog-Siel , which drained directly into the North Sea, existed near the confluence until the Beltringharder Koog was built . Since 1987 the drainage water has been discharged further south through the same receiving water via the Sönke-Nissen-Koog lock in the northern part of the Beltringharder Koog .

Preparatory work for the settlement of the new Koog was also carried out at an unusually early stage. The first infrastructure work was carried out as early as 1925. These included u. a. the construction of the road network. Furthermore, preparatory tasks for the settlement procedure were carried out that year.

The settlement took place, which can still be seen today, along the main axis running roughly from north to south. Three sectors were formed along this line, the lands of which were intended for certain groups of people from the cooperative. The southern Koogs section up to the Bordelumer Priel was primarily intended for those interested in the neighboring bays to the south. The middle sector was reserved for the Sönke-Nissen estate. This section went to the Langenhorner Weg branching off in the north of the Kooges. To the north of it, interested parties from the northern neighboring communities should settle.

It was already clear when the cooperative was founded that the settlers should also set up a farm in the Koog. By taking out state settlement loans, the farmers were drawn into what is known as a pension property procedure. For this reason, the construction of the individual settlements had to start immediately after the completion of the Koog, regardless of the economic strength of the settlers. In addition, these individual settlements had to have the size of viable operating units. In addition, the founding agreement of the cooperative for the farms u. a. a down-to-earth, regionally adapted, but still inexpensive construction method to save financial resources.

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This construction method, as it was finally pursued by the Kiel architect Heinrich Stav, led to a uniform architectural style with different building and courtyard sizes. You can still see them today when driving through the Koog.

The 28 courtyards in the Koog have mostly white outer walls and green roofs to this day. The farm buildings are wooden beam structures clad with corrugated iron. In 2005, 24 buildings were placed under monument protection. Buildings built later were also largely built in a similar style and are therefore a sight for those interested in architecture.

use

Agriculture

The Sönke-Nissen-Koog is mainly used for agriculture. In the early years, individual livestock farms still played a formative role. In the course of the post-war period, with the increasing mechanization of agriculture, the focus shifted to cereal farming. For some farms, renting out holiday homes is another mainstay of the business.

Settlement function

The settlement function of the Koog is severely limited. Since the Sönke-Nissen-Koog, as part of the Reußenköge community, is an outdoor area under building law , so only privileged projects may be built, a targeted development in terms of settlement technology is not possible. In this respect, the construction activities were largely limited to the construction of agricultural buildings (including acceptance houses for old people ) and privileged wind farms .

Nature conservation / regional development

Nature conservation in the Koog itself plays a subordinate role. Only the dike foreland along the dam to the Hamburg Hallig (including the Hallig itself) is part of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park .

Amsinck House

The Amsinck House , an information center about the communities in Central North Friesland, is also located directly at the dike crossing in Koog .

Business

Most commercial activities are also related to agriculture. The companies ATR Landhandel and HaGe Kiel operate sales and storage facilities in Koog. Other businesses in the Koog are u. a. a tax consultancy office, a project planning office for wind energy and a carpentry shop.

Renewable energies are another mainstay. It all started with a community wind farm in the 1990s. In the years that followed, the owners installed photovoltaic systems on numerous agricultural buildings to diversify their income. Finally, in 2009, a privately operated biogas plant was built.

Trivia

The names of seven farms that became the property of the Nissen family as compensation for their financial commitment are reminiscent of train stations in the former German South West Africa . In detail these are:

Hof Elisabethbay, a property built in 1927 for the widow Sönke Nissens and her son, was the scene of a meeting between Hermann Göring and a high-ranking British government delegation in August 1939 . In the talks that took place on the initiative of the Swedish industrialist Birger Dahlerus , the impending Second World War should be averted.

Today the Sönke Nissens family no longer has any property in the Sönke-Nissen-Koog.

Statistical data on the Koog

The table below shows the population and households from the census of May 25, 1987. Since then, this data has only been updated at community level.

Living -
space -
no.		 Koog input
deichung		 Area
km²		 1987 census
population households
5 Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1926 11.40 165 55

Web links

Commons : Sönke-Nissen-Koog  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Reußenköge - Sönke-Nissen-Koog
  2. ↑ a b c Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 3. Edition. Breklumer Verlag, Breklum 1999, ISBN 3-7793-1113-5 , p. 29.
  3. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 71f.
  4. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 95.
  5. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 101f.
  6. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 126.
  7. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 137.
  8. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 141.
  9. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 142.
  10. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 164.
  11. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 86.
  12. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 165.
  13. ^ Nis Paulsen: Sönke-Nissen-Koog 1924–1974. 1999, p. 150.
  14. ↑ Harry Kunz, Albert Panten : The Köge of North Friesland. Nordfriisk Instituut, Bredstedt 1997, ISBN 3-88007-251-5 , p. 39.
  15. ^ Office Central North Friesland: Reußenköge.
  16. ↑ Time travel: peace or war?
  17. ↑ The story of the Sönke-Nissen-Kooges is the subject of a television documentary by Mario Damolin: The Street of the Deichgrafen. A diamond find and its consequences. (2003) on: Vimeo

Coordinates: 54 ° 37 ′ 25 ″  N , 8 ° 52 ′ 53 ″  E