Beltringharder Koog
Coordinates: 54 ° 33 ′ 0 ″ N , 8 ° 55 ′ 0 ″ E
Beltringharder Koog is the name of the pre-dike that was completed in 1987 for part of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea in the area of the Nordstrander Bay . Through this measure, the former island of Nordstrand was effectively connected to the mainland and thus became part of a peninsula . The name is borrowed from the historic Beltringharde administrative district , whose territory, however, was further northwest.
History of origin
Before the dike
The mainland coast of the North Frisian marshes was much further to the west until the 14th century. Much of the mainland was lost to several storm surges. Some of them, especially the two Groten Mandräken - the second Marcellus flood in 1362 and the Burchardi flood in 1634 - caused the greatest destruction in the area of the North Frisian Wadden Sea. The greatest loss of land occurred in the northern area of the island Alt-Nordstrand . This area, to which the Beltringharde belonged, was completely destroyed. The resulting river Norderhever formed the dividing water line between the remnants of Nordstrand and Pellworm, which have existed to this day .
As a result, the flow conditions in the North Sea changed. At the same time, new land areas were developed from the mainland coast. Especially in the Bredstedter Bucht , fertile marsh lands emerged with several kings , which are now part of the Reußenköge community . The newly created flow system was characterized by various sedimentation processes. Particularly in the priel of the Norderhever Current, sediments were removed and re-landed at the edges, that is, the mainland coast and the islands further north. These conditions still prevail today. As a result of the changed flow conditions, the Norderhever, which now extends into the area north of the Hamburg Hallig as a deep wadden priel, became the dominant mudflat stream, replacing the southern floodplain further north along the Halligen Nordmarsch , Langeness and Gröde . In addition, extensive land protection measures were necessary in the Hallig land. For this reason, the Halligen were included in the coastal protection programs of the state of Schleswig-Holstein, as the maintenance for the necessary maintenance of the revetments on the Halligen was very expensive and still is today.
After the severe storm surge in 1962 it became clear that the coastal protection measures also had to be intensified on the west coast of Schleswig-Holstein. Expert opinions subsequently led to the creation of the so-called General Plan for Coastal Protection . The pre-dike for the Nordstrander Bay was also included in this. Before it could finally be built, however, some years of controversy had to be bridged. In the course of the 1960s and 1970s, planning was adapted to the changing framework conditions. In addition to the natural requirements, financial issues and environmental protection always played a role. The result were different solution variants. If the first plans from 1963 still envisaged a large embankment from Elisabeth-Sophien-Koog on the island of Nordstrand to Hauke-Haien-Koog and the construction of a safety dam from the mainland to the Pellworm island in the mudflats north of the Hamburg Hallig, this had to be done Plan to be changed again and again. In some cases, variants were pursued that did not provide for pre-diking the Nordstrander Bay, but merely reinforcing the dike along the old dyke line, or building new dykes 200 m in front of it. In the end, however, the so-called small solution of the pre-dike project was chosen, which provided a connection from the northern tip of the island of Nordstrand at Elisabeth-Sophien-Koog to the southern tip of the Sönke-Nissen-Koog , a subsequent dike reinforcement along the outer dike and a safety dam to the island of Pellworm. The area diked in this way was finally named after Beltringharde, who sank in 1634. The planning approval for this solution took place in 1982.
Embankment
The first work began in 1982. First, the access roads to the starting points were built. In the winter of 1982/83 the first building materials for dyke construction were purchased (including 60,000 t of rubble). In 1983, the first flushing work began, as well as work on creating a ring dike for the Holmer Siel construction site .
In April 1983, at the instigation of opponents of the project, the regional administrative court ordered a construction freeze. The objection received at the Higher Administrative Court in Lüneburg was also negotiated at short notice and the construction freeze was lifted at the beginning of May 1983. The eight lawsuits brought thereupon were finally dismissed by the summer of 1985.
The process was divided into several construction phases. First a dike was built from the northern tip of the northern beach to the Holmer ferry , a branch of the Norderhever stream. At this point, sand was washed up and a ring dike was built as a protective measure for the construction of the Holmer Siel . In the following year, the dike was driven from the north side of the Kooge to be constructed (dike kilometer 8.9) from Sönke-Nissen-Koog to the dike connection point north at dike kilometer 5.6. The 3.35 km long transport dam from Cecilienkoog along Lorendamm to Hallig Nordstrandischmoor was also built . This was necessary for the work on the middle section of the dike between the two dike connection points. These two gaps to be closed last were necessary because otherwise the force of erosion on the existing dike sections would have been too great. The risk of erosion could be reduced by the gaps in the dyke in the deepest creeks here. In 1986 the dyke section was finally created between the head of the transport dam at dike kilometer 4.6 and the second dike connection point on Holmer Siel at dike kilometer 1.4. In 1987 the dike closure points were finally closed during the favorable months of April to June.
When the dyke sections were built in 1983 and 1986, the sheet piling was also installed for the Sönke-Nissen-Koog Siel and Lüttmoorsiel culverts to be built at these points . The clay and sand required for the construction of the dikes was removed in the mudflat area of the new Koog. Three of the four bran removal points were in the area near the mainland along the old sea dike, the sand removal points were all in the outer area parallel to the new outer dike. The retention and storage basin on the Sönke-Nissen-Koog Siel now forms a bran removal point.
Most of the new dyke appears today as a so-called Schardeich . Only in the northern area were there larger foreland areas, which were also created to protect the Hamburg Hallig. The dike itself is a sandpit dike.
For the construction of the dyke, the most modern forms of calculation for the dyke height and the dike profiles (angle of inclination) were used. In accordance with contemporary requirements, the dike also included a drift channel discharge path on the outside in the area of the outer berm. The dike defense path was implemented in the area of the inner berm. The latter is used to quickly procure materials to secure dike damage in the event of a storm surge. Both routes are not open to general motorized traffic. In the area of the Beltringharder Koog, however, several cycle routes, such as the North Sea Cycle Route as part of the international NSCR (North Sea Cycle Route), are run over them.
After the dike
During its creation, the Beltringharder Koog was not only one of the largest, but also one of the most controversial dyke construction projects in German history. Its facility was accompanied by violent disputes among representatives of the interests of coastal protection and nature conservation . For this reason, the planned scope of a later agricultural use was severely restricted, a planned marina was never realized. As a compensatory measure for the encroachment on nature for reasons of coastal protection, the entire 3,350 hectare area of the Beltringharder Koog was placed under nature protection as a saltwater biotope in 1991 and is uninhabited.
Uses
natural reserve
In § 3 of the Nature Conservation Ordinance, it says: “The nature reserve serves the permanent preservation and undisturbed development of a former Wadden Sea area with large salt and freshwater habitats, tide-influenced floodplains, swamps and other wetlands as well as characteristic flora and fauna associated with these habitats , especially the protection of the mudflats and water birds that rest and breed here. "
The area is divided into zones ( biotopes ), which allow different uses. In detail - starting in the north:
- the reservoir at Sönke-Nissen-Koog Siel ,
- the Lüttmoorsee (area north of the former transport dam from Cecilienkoog to the outer dike),
- the tidal saltwater lagoon (south of the dam),
- the Arlau reservoir (adjoining it to the south as a connection between the Arlauer Schleuse and the Holmer Siel ) and the
- Holmer lake.
Together with the Arlau, they are all important bodies of water in the Eider river basin district . The restrictive terms of use ensure that e.g. B. the southern part may not be entered as a breeding and resting place for sea birds. The NSG "Beltringharder Koog" is managed under the name "Arbeitsgemeinschaft Naturschutz im Beltringharder Koog" by NABU Schleswig-Holstein, Naturschutzgesellschaft Schutzstation Wattenmeer , BUND Schleswig-Holstein and WWF Germany . The nature reserve is included in the list of the United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Center ( UNEP-WCMC ) with the number WDPA ID 64666.
Agriculture
Extensive agricultural use is still possible on some areas. However, this is limited to the foreland areas in front of the old dike line along the Hattstedtermarsch , the Cecilienkoog and the Sönke-Nissen-Koog .
tourism
Tourist guests (and locals) can also travel to the outer dike via a connecting dam from the Cecilienkoog. At its end, near the Lüttmoorsiel , is the landside end point of the Halligbahn Lüttmoorsiel – Nordstrandischmoor . There is a bathing area in the outer dike area. As a small catering facility, there is also a seasonal catering facility on the edge of the spacious car park. There are also sanitary facilities for bathers.
Statistical data
The Beltringharder Koog has a total area of 33.4 km². On January 1, 2005, an area of 35.5 km² was officially divided among seven municipalities:
| local community | Area (km²) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hattstedtermarsch | 12.42 | |||||||
| North beach | 12.17 | |||||||
| Reußenköge | 9.31 | |||||||
| Dagebüll | 0.70 | |||||||
| Ockholm | 0.58 | |||||||
| Schobüll ¹ | 0.18 | |||||||
| Elisabeth-Sophien-Koog | 0.10 | |||||||
| ¹ incorporated into Husum on January 1, 2007 | ||||||||
See also
literature
- Walter Saggau, Robert Stadelmann: A dike is being built. Pre-dike Nordstrander Bay. 2nd Edition. Husum Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 2001, ISBN 978-3-88042-442-5 .
- Harry Kunz, Albert Panten : The Köge of North Frisia. Nordfriisk Instituut, Bredstedt 1997, ISBN 3-88007-251-5 , p. 47.
Web links
- The Beltringharder Koog by Klaus Bölling
- The Beltringharder Koog from the Arlau Schöpfwerk nature reserve
- The Beltringharder Koog - Nature Conservation Contra Coastal Protection ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) by Jana Kotzerka, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
Individual evidence
Walter Saggau / Robert Stadelmann: A dike is being built. Pre-dike Nordstrander Bay , Husum Druck- u. Verlagsgesellschaft, Husum 1988, ISBN 3-88042-442-X
Further individual evidence
- ↑ Nature Conservation Ordinance "Beltringharder Koog"
- ↑ Nature Conservation Ordinance "Beltringharder Koog", p. 42
- ↑ Harry Kunz, Albert Panten : The Köge of North Friesland . With map, Nordfriisk Instituut, 1997, ISBN 3-88007-251-5
- ↑ Population of the municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein on December 31, 2005 (PDF; 755 kB) Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein. October 19, 2006. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
General individual evidence
- ^ Working group for nature conservation in the Beltringharder Koog
- ↑ Care of protected areas in Schleswig-Holstein in accordance with § 20 LNatSchG. In: see table Ser. No. 1.1.48. State Office for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, April 2017, accessed on March 11, 2020 .
- ↑ Beltringharder Koog in Germany, WDPA ID 64666. United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Center (UNEP-WCMC), 2020, accessed on March 11, 2020 .