General plan for coastal protection
The general plan for coastal protection , actually the general plan for dike reinforcement, dike shortening and coastal protection in Schleswig-Holstein , is the plan of the state of Schleswig-Holstein to protect the state's coasts from storm surges . The first general plan was valid from December 20, 1963 to 2000, it was updated in 1977 and 1986, and the new general plan was passed by the state government in December 2001.
Effective range
The general plan for coastal protection lays down standards for the entire coastal protection and the state protection dykes. In Schleswig-Holstein, these protect 377,000 hectares of land below 5 m above sea level, around a quarter of the state where 345,000 people live and work.
activities
The main plan provided for dike reinforcement and dike shortening. The dikes were both raised and provided with shallower embankments. The embroidery height is calculated according to the design water level, the calculated wave run-up height and a safety margin of 50 centimeters. Depending on the coastline, the embroidery heights are 7.5 to 8.8 meters above sea level . The dykes are built up to 2.5 meters higher over particularly soft ground, such as in the Elbmarschen , as they will sink into the ground. After the expansion according to the general plan, the dykes should protect against storm surges that only occur once every 100 years. A fortified foreland should be created in front of the dikes . The plan envisages equipping each dike on the landside with a continuous three-meter-wide dike defense path.
Between 1962 and 2000, the responsible authorities spent more than DM 2.8 billion on the construction of the dikes in Schleswig-Holstein. 370 kilometers of the state protection dike were reinforced. In the Meldorfer Bay and the Nordstrander Bay , pre-dikes were made. The largest single structure that was erected on the basis of the general plan for coastal protection was the Eider Barrage , which shortened the dike line by many kilometers. Further damming of river mouths was carried out at Stör , Krückau and Pinnau , so that the first dyke line in the country was shortened by 207 kilometers to 355 kilometers.
prehistory
The Dutch flood of 1953 caused a renewed evaluation of the coastal protection measures and a revision on the entire North Sea coast, including in Schleswig-Holstein . The surveyors found that the dikes because of other priorities in the Second World War in poor condition were and also the Deichbestick not enough for extreme flood events. The respective carriers strengthened the dikes so that the storm surge in Schleswig-Holstein in 1962 had little impact.
Nevertheless, during the Hamburg storm surge, the responsible authorities gained further knowledge about storms, high tides and waves, and based on this knowledge they developed the general plan.
history
The general plan was updated in 1977 and 1986. In particular, the findings from the storm surges between November and December 1973 and from the 1976 storm surge were incorporated into the plan. Since 1979, the general plan has been listed as a planning objective in the regional spatial planning plan for the first time. The updates also added new goals such as environmental protection to the general plan. They introduced new concepts such as extensive coastal protection, which is mainly used on the island of Sylt , where it is mainly expressed in the form of sand flushing. During the storm surges of 1976 and 1984, each of which reached previously unknown record water levels, the reinforced dikes held. The dikes that broke in 1976 were still in their old state, their expansion is planned in the plan, but not yet implemented.
The new general plan includes a surcharge due to climate change. The IPCC climate council assumes that the sea level will rise by 20 to 60 centimeters by 2100, on the other hand, the number and severity of hurricanes in autumn and winter will increase.
Remarks
- ↑ a b Jacobus Hofstede and Bernd Prost:General plan for coastal protection: Integrated coastal protection management in Schleswig-Holstein ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Kiel: State Government Schleswig-Holstein 2002.
- ↑ a b c d e f Probst p. 154.
- ↑ a b Matthias Günther: No dike, no land, no life. on: Deutschlandradio Kultur . March 19, 2009.
- ↑ a b ju: General Plan for Coastal Protection ( Memento of the original dated February 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . geschichte-sh.de
literature
- Jacobus Hofstede and Bernd Prost, General Plan Coastal Protection: Integrated Coastal Protection Management in Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel: State Government Schleswig-Holstein 2002.
- Bernd Probst: General plan for coastal protection. In: Federal Environment Agency and national park administrations of Lower Saxony Wadden Sea / Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea (ed.): Wadden Sea Environment Atlas. Volume 1: North Frisian and Dithmarsches Wadden Sea. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998/1999, ISBN 3-8001-3491-8 , pp. 154-155.
Web links
- Ministry of Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas of the State of Schleswig-Holstein (ed.), General Plan Coastal Protection of the State of Schleswig-Holstein, update 2012 , Kiel 2013.