Aerial supervision

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Emergency vehicle of the Brandenburg aviation authority

Air traffic controllers in Germany is the term for the immediate official monitoring of air traffic. It is defined in Section 29 of the Aviation Act . In Germany, aerial supervision is generally carried out by the federal states. It is assigned to the Ministry of Transport , but can also be used by medium-sized authorities such as B. District governments are perceived as state aviation authorities . The state authority can also entrust third parties with the exercise of aerial supervision. Aviation supervision must not be confused with air traffic control or the flight controller .

history

Until the end of the Weimar Republic , there was no aviation supervision as an independent authority. At larger airports there was a police air station, responsible for compliance with laws and regulations. The uniformed law enforcement officers were responsible for the air police surveillance service on the airport premises. The training, structure and subordination of the air police were regulated differently in the federal states . In the Free State of Prussia , it was a separate training course within the protection police , which was expanded to include aviation-specific subjects. It was subordinate to the district president as an intermediate authority for aviation affairs . Smaller airfields were assigned to the air police of the larger airports without staff being permanently on site. The task of the air police included:

After the seizure of the Nazis the civil air traffic management has been on the design of the Ministry of Aviation rearranged. Air agencies subordinate to the ministry were created and, in addition to the aviation weather service and radio communications service , they were assigned air policing tasks as aerial supervision. The air traffic control was divided into airport management for airfields and air traffic control watch at smaller land areas. The air traffic control personnel were appointed by the air authorities and were mostly taken over by the air police. From 1935 the uniform of the Luftwaffe was worn. With the ordinance of 1936, aircraft now required a single permit from the air traffic control authority before leaving even the smallest airfield, which had to be applied for in writing beforehand. A flight plan could replace the application at large airports . The presence of the air traffic control during flight operations became mandatory. The presence and approval requirement of the aviation authority, the mandatory documentation in the main flight log and the obligation to take off and land outside of airfields, i.e. the prohibition to take off and land outside of airfields, should ensure complete monitoring of even the smallest airfields in order to avoid the Reichsflucht by plane, especially of Jewish citizens, bypassing the Reichsflucht tax , to prevent. With the Aviation Supervision Act and the subsequent Implementation Ordinance of 1939, the powers of the aviation supervision were further expanded. It was now allowed to issue its own ordinances and enforce these regulations and instructions with direct coercion or armed force.

In the Federal Republic of Germany , after regaining air sovereignty, the institution of air supervision was taken over. But it has now been assigned to the individual countries . The mandatory presence of supervisory staff on small landing areas, the main flight log and mandatory airfields remain in effect. At airports, the airport management was renamed the air control unit or an air control officer was appointed. The air traffic control became the flight controller . The rights of the air traffic controller as supervisory staff, however, were limited by a sovereign activity to the enforcement of the airport operator's house rules and are therefore no longer part of the state aviation supervision .

Task and organization

The aviation supervisory authority has to monitor compliance with the aviation regulations. It is responsible for averting dangers in air traffic and dangers from air traffic for public safety and order. The aviation supervisory authorities are thus, depending on the federal state, a special police organization or a security organization .

Although the federal states are generally responsible for air traffic control, the federal government has retained some tasks. A distinction is made between general aviation supervision by the federal states and special aviation supervision by federal authorities. The general aviation supervision serves to avert danger at airports insofar as it does not relate to traffic management. B. the review of the airworthiness by the Luftfahrt-Bundesamt or the traffic control at commercial airports . The competent higher federal authority , however, often resorts to the help of the local aviation supervision of the federal state in the context of administrative assistance, as there is a lack of its own resources.

In order to fulfill its tasks, the air supervisory authority carries out checks on aircraft and their crews. It also monitors airfields for compliance with the conditions of the operating license and carries out appropriate controls. It can issue orders, restrictions and prohibitions, so it has sovereign powers .

In most of the federal states, air traffic control is divided into local and regional air traffic control. The local aviation supervisory authority, also known as the air supervisory authority , is permanently assigned to an airport. Your tasks are:

  • Supervision of the security obligation of the airport operator
  • Review of aircraft including certification
  • Review of the flight preparation of the pilot in charge as well as the necessary certificates and licenses
  • Information and advice for aircraft pilots
  • Instructions to pilots and other participants in air traffic for handling flight operations and in the event of imminent danger

Smaller air traffic control posts can only be filled with non-full-time air traffic control officers.

The supra-local air traffic control checks all airports and airfields where there is no air traffic control center. This within the geographic jurisdiction of the aviation authority.

staff

Aviation supervision can be carried out by officers for air supervision or clerks for air supervision. Aviation officers are e.g. B. Airport traffic controllers , flight controllers , etc., while aviation officers are officials or employees of the country. Usually people who work for air traffic control are trained to fly and have a pilot's license and a radiotelephony certificate .

Clerk for air traffic control

Clerks work full-time as civil servants or employees of the aviation authority. They are employed with it in the public service and in the local or supra-regional air supervision.

Air traffic control officer

At airports without an air traffic control unit, one or more employees of the airport operator, e.g. B. the traffic manager, at the same time the officer for aviation supervision (BfL or BfLa) and thus representatives of the state aviation authority on site. These are often in personal union ordered by the aerodrome operator flight controllers. As a representative of the state aviation authority, in contrast to the flight controller, you exercise a sovereign activity, while the rights of the flight controller are limited to the enforcement of house rules . The air traffic control officer is appointed as an auxiliary body of air traffic control by the responsible aviation authority and is subject to the direct authority of the authority. They have the same sovereign powers and obligations as the employees of the aviation authority. In your job as an air supervisory officer, you are independent of the authority of the airport operator to issue instructions, even if you are employed by the airport operator.

literature

  • Samira Helena Thiery: The air traffic administration on behalf of the federal government: Practice of cross-agency administrative control . Contributions to administrative law 6th ed .: Wolfgang Kahl, Jens-Peter Schneider, Ferdinand Wollenschläger. 1st edition. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2018, ISBN 978-3-16-156118-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Aviation supervision. In: www.bezreg-muenster.de. District government of Münster, accessed on February 11, 2020 .
  2. ^ Albert Grünberg - Air Policeman at Cologne Airport. In: www.luftfahrtarchiv-koeln.de. Histroisches Luftarchiv Cologne, accessed on March 7, 2020 .
  3. RGBl Jg. 1934, Part 1, pp. 310-312 - Ordinance on the establishment of the Reich Aviation Administration of April 18, 1934
  4. Carl Pirath: Airports: spatial location, operation and design (=  research results of the Transport Science Institute for Aviation at the Technical University of Stuttgart . Volume 11 ). Reprint of the 1st edition from 1937. Springer, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-540-01242-9 , p. 501 .
  5. RGBl. Born 1936, Part 1, No. 78, p. 671 - Ordinance on air traffic of August 21, 1936
  6. Aviation Office Darmstadt is dissolved April 1, 1935. In: www.lagis-hessen.de, Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies, April 1, 2019, accessed on March 7, 2020 .
  7. RGBl Jg. 1939, Part 1, p. 131 - Law on the powers of the aviation authorities when exercising aviation supervision (Aviation Supervision Act) of February 1, 1939
  8. RGBl Jg. 1939, part 1, p. 134 - Implementing ordinance to the law on the powers of the aviation authorities when exercising aviation supervision (Aviation Supervision Act) of February 1, 1939
  9. a b Samira Helena Thiery: The air traffic administration on behalf of the federal government: Practice of cross-carrier administrative control . Contributions to administrative law 6th ed .: Wolfgang Kahl, Jens-Peter Schneider, Ferdinand Wollenschläger. 1st edition. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2018, ISBN 978-3-16-156118-4 , p. 61 .
  10. a b Carrying out aerial supervision. In: www.gesetze-bayern.de. Bavarian State Chancellery, January 1, 1978, accessed on March 12, 2020 .
  11. Service instructions of the Dresden Regional Office for the air traffic control units at airports without air traffic control. (PDF) Prepared according to the BMVBS sample service instructions published in NfL I - 358/97. In: www.lvbayern.de. Landesdirektion Dresden, December 29, 2009, accessed on March 7, 2020 .