Antiochian text
The Antiochene text is the version of the Septuagint that was used by the Antiochene Church Fathers , especially John Chrysostom and Theodoret . Its origin is traditionally associated with Lucian of Antioch , which is why this version of the text is also called the Lucian text or the Lucian revision .
history
The history of the Septuagint text is, as far as it can be traced back, characterized by great variance between the individual text witnesses. In the history of research, the question of whether one of these text forms should be considered more original than the others is of particular interest.
Jerome's testimony
In the preface to his Latin translation of the Chronicle, Jerome (347–420) cited the deviations between the Greek manuscripts as a justification for his translation from Hebrew. According to Jerome, the original text of the Septuagint could no longer be found at that time. He traces the multitude of manuscripts back to three reviews that prevailed in different regions in a schematic that is still influential today:
“Alexandria et Aegyptus in Septuaginta suis Hesychium laudat auctorem, Constantinopolis usque Antiochiam Luciani martyris exemplaria probat, mediae inter has provinciae palestinos codices legunt, quos ab Origene elaboratos Eusebius et Pamphilius vulgaverunt, totus conpifugnietate trifugnietate inter.
"Alexandria and Egypt praise Hesych as the author of their Septuagint, from Constantinople to Antioch the editions of the martyr Lucian are recognized, the provinces in between read the Palestinian codices that Eusebius and Pamphilus, after they had been worked out by Origen, circulated and the whole world is in conflict because of this threefold difference. "
The last mentioned hexaplaric review (cf. Hexapla ) of Origen († 254) is a sure text - historical quantity that Jerome knew personally from Palestine (the "provinces in between"). It is undisputed that it is based on a secondary treatment based on the Hebrew text or the more recent Greek translations.
A Hesychian review (mentioned by Hieronymus in the first place), however, has not yet been proven. Jerome is the only author who names a Hesychios as their author. In the books in which a certain Egyptian (or Alexandrian ) text form appears, this does not turn out to be a review, but is close to the original text.
The Lucian review that Jerome calls “ruling from Constantinople to Antioch ” can be clearly identified. It is the text form that is consistently used in the writings of the Antiochene Church Fathers of the 4th – 5th centuries. Century, especially by John Chrysostom and Theodoret of Kyrrhos . This is also attested in a group of manuscripts for most books of the Septuagint, and it clearly shows features of a later adaptation. Like the other forms of text, this one has preserved an older text in some cases (especially in parts of the books of the kingdoms ).
Chrysostom's Testimony
John Chrysostom himself explicitly refers to the review activity of Lucian of Antioch († 312). Josef Ziegler refers to a section in the second and larger part of his Isaiah commentary, which has only survived in Armenian language. In Isa 9,6 EU the unrevised Septuagint reproduces the Hebrew text so freely ( Isa 9,6 LXX ) that the sovereign title of the announced salvation king is no longer recognizable. In the Lukian review these are added in an addendum. Chrysostom, in his commentary on the point, expressly praises the longer Lucian reading as better and more correct than the Palestinian, not only because it serves Orthodox Christology, but also because the admirable martyr Lucian preserved what was lost here by using the other translations. The Lucian reading has also found its way into the Orthodox reading at this point.
"Propterea admirandus est Lucianus martyr qui reliquas (partes) bene excerpsit et collocavit."
"Above all, the martyr Lukian can be admired, who pulled out the remaining (parts) well and put them together."
Since most of the Isaiah commentary has only survived in Armenian translation, its authenticity has been contested. Natalia Smelova but with the reference to the exiled Chrysostom ' in small Armenian Cucusus made likely that the original Greek manuscript may have been taken soon after its completion for translation to Armenia.
Protolukian text
In the so-called kaige sections of the books of kings there are often correspondences between the Antiochene text and the Vetus Latina as well as with the representation in the Antiquitates Iudaicae by Flavius Josephus against the kaige revision . These matches must therefore be pre-Lucian. To what extent this is independent evidence of the oldest Greek translation or a specific Protolukian text (according to Frank Moore Cross ), is controversial in research.
Manuscripts
Most of the manuscripts of the Antiochene text are relatively young. Since a manuscript rarely contained the entire Bible, and a manuscript containing books from several parts of the canon was often copied from different models, different manuscripts should be used for each part of the canon for the reconstruction of the Antiochene or Lucian text.
Manuscripts of the Antiochene text of the Books of Kings
Five minuscule manuscripts contain the full text of the four books of the kingdoms :
| Rahlfs seal | Sigel from Brooke-McLean | Library | place | signature | Start on fol. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19th | b 'or b | Vatican library | Rome | Chig. R. VI. 38 | 159 r |
| 82 | O | Bibliothèque nationale de France | Paris | Coisl. 3 | 165 r |
| 93 | e 2 | British Library | London | Royal 1 D. II | 3 r |
| 108 | b or b | Vatican library | Rome | Vat.gr. 330 | 224 r |
| 127 | c 2 | Synodal library | Moscow | Size 31 | 247 BC |
The Rahlfs-Siglen go back to the edition by Holmes-Parsons and are also used by the Madrid edition. The Brooke-McLean sigla are particularly important because, until the publication of the corresponding volumes of the Göttingen Septuagint, there was no other critical edition that completely contained the text of the Codex Vaticanus as well as the Antiochene or Lucian text. Here the abbreviation combination boc 2 e 2 is characteristic in the apparatus , see the illustration.
Some other manuscripts contain readings of the Antiochene text or have only survived in fragments. Due to its age, the Codex Zuqniensis (Rahlfs-Siglum Z), a palimpsest that is now partly in Rome and partly in London, is of particular importance . It contains in the 5th – 7th centuries Antiochene text from various books, including the 3rd Book of Kings , from the lower scriptures .
Manuscripts of the Antiochene text of the books of the prophets
Josef Ziegler names the following manuscripts for the "Lukian main group" L in the books of the prophets:
| Rahlfs seal | Library | place | signature | century |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22nd | British Library | London | Royal 1 B. II | XI-XII |
| 36 | Vatican library | Rome | Vat.gr. 347 | XI |
| 48 | Vatican library | Rome | Vat.gr. 1794 | X-XI |
| 51 | Biblioteca Laurenziana | Florence | Plut. X 8 | XI |
| 96 | Royal Library | Copenhagen | Ny Kgl. Saml., 4 °, No. 5 | XI |
| 231 | Vatican library | Rome | Vat.gr. 1670 | X-XI |
| 719 | Biblioteca Nazionale | Turin | BI 2 | IX-X |
| 763 | Vatopedi Monastery Library | Athos | 514 | XI |
expenditure
- Paul de Lagarde: Librorum Veteris Testamenti canonicorum pars prior . Göttingen 1883. (Genesis – Esther)
- Natalio Fernández Marcos, José Ramón Busto Saiz (eds.): El texto antioqueno de la Biblia griega Volume I ( Libros 1-2 Samuel ), Madrid 1989 ISBN 978-84-00-06971-1 ; Volume II ( Libros 1-2 Reyes ), Madrid 1992, ISBN 978-84-00-07255-1 , Volume III ( 1-2 Crónicas ), Madrid 1996, ISBN 84-00-07585-4 . (1–4 Kingdoms and Chronicles)
literature
- Felix Albrecht: Art. Lucian of Antioch . In: The Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception. 17, Berlin a. a. 2019, col. 98-100.
- John J. O'Keefe: Art. Antiochene Exegesis . In: The Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception. 2, Berlin a. a. 2009, col. 255-259.
- Alfred Rahlfs: Septuagint studies 3rd Lucian's review of the books of the king . Goettingen 1911.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Biblia Sacra Vulgata Latin-German. Volume II. Berlin / Boston 2018. ISBN 978-3-11-048834-0 , pp. 790–791.
- ^ Joseph Ziegler: Isaias (Göttinger Septuaginta XIV), Göttingen 1939, p. 23.
- ↑ See Joseph Ziegler: Isaias (Göttinger Septuaginta XIV), Göttingen 1939, p. 73.
- ↑ Cf. German Septuagint . Stuttgart 2009, p. 1239, note b to Isa 9.6.
- ↑ John Chrysotomos: In Isaiam prophetam interpretatio nunc primum ex Armenio in Latinum sermonem a patribus Mekitharistis translata . Venice 1887, p. 132f. Quoted from: Joseph Ziegler: Isaias (Göttingen Septuaginta XIV), Göttingen 1939, p. 73.
- ↑ Natalia Smelova: St John Chrysostom's Exegesis on the Prophet Isaiah: The Oriental Translations and their Manuscripts . In Markus Vinzent (Ed.): Papers presented at the Sixteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies held in Oxford 2011. (Studia Patristica LXVII). Leuven 2013. pp. 295–309 (here p. 301).
- ^ Alan England Brooke, Norman McLean and Henry St. John Thackeray (Eds.): The Old Testament in Greek. Vol. II The Later Historical Books: Pt. 1 (1–2Sam) and Pt. 2 (1-2 Kings) . Cambridge 1927 and 1930.
- ↑ a b If b 'and b match, the simple siglum b is used.
- ^ Digitized Ms. 82 .
- ^ Digitized Ms. 93 .
- ^ Rahlfs, Septuagint Studies 3, 16-18.
- ↑ Fernández Marcos and Busto Saiz: El Texto Antioqueno de la Biblia Griega II. 1-2 Reyes . Madrid 1992, pp. XVII-XVIII.