Lust

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Pleasure is an intensely pleasant way of experiencing that can manifest itself on different levels of perception , for example when eating and drinking , during sporting activities or at work , but above all as part of sexual experience .

Awareness and lust

The attraction quality of pleasure is shown in the fact that it is wanted by everyone in direct experience - cf. Lust - but cannot be achieved indiscriminately, but is subject to certain regularities that u. a. be discussed by Freud's theory of the pleasure principle . Pleasure is only partially rejected by healthy beings and then only on the condition that they become aware of reasons that would result in serious disadvantages if the satisfaction of the current need were not foregoing.

Self-evidence of pleasure and displeasure

Philosophically, for most thinkers, pleasure is “valuable in itself”. It therefore plays an important role in the various instinct and need doctrines (see also motivation ), including their theories about the process of evaluating experiences and / or just thoughts. Even in ancient philosophy, pleasure (and avoidance of displeasure) was given a high priority (see, among others, Plato's Symposium and Epicurus' Garden). The pleasure of pleasure shows itself immediately, clearly and emotionally, even without any understanding of your goals. (One does not actually eat for the purpose of raising the sugar level, but for pleasure; procreation is not a basic need, but the pleasure felt in copulation.) Feelings of pleasure are in the broader sense a self-generating mode of experience, the physical ones are fundamentally different from those of the aesthetic sensory perception and those of thoughts, ideas, and logical sensations that develop directly in the spirit. The feeling of physical pleasure can, however, combine with all conceivable types of perception as well as purely intellectual logic and lead to their “emotional coloring”. A lack of the ability to use these variable colors that give shape to the experience of pleasure is a sign of depression .

The opposite of pleasure - discomfort - corresponds to the same characteristics in the opposite quality of experience: Displeasure is seen as negative for itself and is therefore avoided. In addition, like all negative feelings caused by it (pain, sadness, fear, etc.), displeasure has an important function within human motivations : it is always intrinsic to physical, mental or other problems.

Freud's depth psychological theory

In psychology , "lust" = libido is the name for a subjectively pleasant sensation. In Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis , all justified pleasure is traced back to a single elemental force, the libido, which represents a universal, biological energy / drive, the realization of which basically creates pleasure, and that for instinctive, innate striving after need satisfaction while avoiding unpleasantness is immanent (see pleasure principle ). The needs Freud tried since coming as a doctor of biology, on this and the way of dream interpretation to anchor alone in nature and its laws and their respective functions and determination to distinguish by. So the pleasurable satisfaction of curiosity is basically in the service of self and environmental knowledge and its two aspects: Search for life threatening for the purpose of avoiding it and search for the sources of pacification of any basic need, such as u. a. the urge for energy / nutrition and a pleasant climate.

"Sexuality" plays a major role in Sigmund Freud's teaching, which, according to his interpretation of Darwin's theory of evolution, is in the service of female reproduction ("matter synthesis") and the realization of the natural law of natural selection through male competition, in which "positive" and “Negative mutants” are divorced and only the former are allowed for reproduction, displacing the less mutated conspecifics (“matter analysis”). Metapsychologically , according to Freud's theory, the monistic basic instinctual force of the libido begins at the moment of its materialization , to be distinguished according to two apparently different, because in reality symbiotically complementary aspects, which he named after two Greek deities - paying tribute to his preference for the ancient natural philosophers :

  • the Eros (as the attraction of opposites: synthesis; life; desire; creation; inside; connecting; 'female') and
  • the Thanatos (as repulsion of equals: analysis; death; rejection; annihilation; outside; separation; 'male') . (See also " The Ánima & The Ánimus" in CG Jung's theory of archetypes.)

In the universal harmonic "flowing" struggle of these two complementary aspects of the same primal energy "libido", Freud - like Heraclitus and Epicurus before him - saw nothing destructive, rather, conversely, the constructive, existential cause of each of the perceptible symbols , the father of all things, "species" and the opposites inherent in our thinking, including the dualisms female-male, mutation-selection, wave-particle, etc.

The origin of the destructive, sadomasochistic narcissism remained unclear until the end of his life . Drive is therefore a misleading term for the syndrome “narcissism”; hypothetically, it should not be assigned to the scientifically anchored subject of biological-'physical' psychology , nor to epistemological-'spiritual' metapsychology as a natural science, but the scientific description of narcissism belongs in the "pathology" department of Freud's teaching. This section does not deal with the psychologically fully intact, perfectly nature-loving living beings and the vital functions of their cognitive apparatus, but with our patriarchal society, which suffers from narcissism and all kinds of replacement needs - the neuroses and all conceivable degeneracies. Freud was unable to clarify this state of affairs at the time. However, one of his socially critical works, The Uneasiness in Culture , also represents an aspect of the phenomenon “pleasure”, and an unmistakably negative one.

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: Lust  - Explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wikiquote: Lust  - Quotes