Pummerin

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Pummerin with the old clapper, which was exchanged on March 11, 2011
Pummerin, national holiday October 26th 2013, 6 min 3 sec

The (new) Pummerin [ ˈpʊmərɪn , Viennese ˈb̥ʊmɐrɪn ] is a church bell that has been hanging in the north tower of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna since 1957 . The old Pummerin from 1711 was hanging in the south tower and broke on April 12, 1945.

The current Pummerin was cast in St. Florian near Linz in 1951 and, at 20,130 kg (without clapper and other fittings) and 314 cm in diameter, is the largest bell in Austria, the third largest bell in Western and Central Europe , the sixth largest swinging bell in the world and the third largest free-swinging one in a church tower .

They heard in the percussive sound c 0 + 4 / 16 (a 1 = 435 Hz ) is rung, and only at certain occasions. This traditionally includes the turn of the year , with recordings being broadcast on radio and television at the same time, before the equally traditional Danube Waltz is played. It is consecrated to St. Mary , according to the inscription the "Queen of Austria".

Due to the material partly coming from cannons of the Ottoman army and its re-casting in the early days of the Second Republic , it is also a symbol of peace, the regained freedom after the occupation and, as a gift from the federal state of Upper Austria , for the reconstruction of what was destroyed in the Second World War St. Stephen's Cathedral. The Pummerin is also referred to as the “voice of Austria” a little exuberantly . The name derives from the deep, "pounding" strike tone.

Austrian 5 euro coin (2011)

Old Pummerin

Old Pummerin, Josephine Bell

Its predecessor was the Alte Pummerin , originally called the Josephinian Bell , which hung in the large south tower from 1711 to 1945 , weighing 18,317 kg (including clapper, yoke and other fittings 22,512 kg) with a diameter of 320 cm with a striking note H - 4 / 16 . It was cast from cannons left behind from the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna in 1683. With its rich baroque ornamentation, it was artistically of high quality, but less successful in terms of sound.

When the cathedral burned at the end of World War II in April 1945, it fell to the ground and shattered. Its rubble and the remains of other destroyed cathedral bells were reused when the new Pummerin was cast.

Font and bell description

On 18 December 1710 the piece caster received, with pieces an old term for gun is Johann Achamer (1650-1712) of Emperor Joseph I († 17 April 1711) the order of cannons, which by the Turks in the Second Turkish siege in 1683 before Vienna had been left to cast a bell. On July 21, 1711, the name day of the imperial widow , the bell was cast in Wendelstadt (today Burggasse; No. 55). The Stuckgasse that begins at the corner is reminiscent of the foundry.

The Old Pummerin had at the opening of a total of a mass of just over 402  quintals (22,512 kg), of which the bell without the yoke 324 Zentner 31 pounds (18,317 kilograms); the yoke was 70 quintals (3,920 kg) and the clapper 7 quintals 75 pounds (812 kg). The 30,000 pounds indicated on the edge of the bell correspond to 16,800 kg. The diameter was 10  shoes (320 cm), the height including the crown 9 shoes, 8½ inches (295 cm) and the thickness of the stop was 8 inches (21 cm). It sounded in the key B about a semitone lower than today's Pummerin , although bells were then more based on weight and not on sound. Until the 19th century it was officially called the Josephine Bell after the founder , but was soon called "Pummerin" by the population, onomatopoeically following its low tone .

The bell had four Latin inscriptions:

  1. Under a picture of St. Joseph standing on a cloud , next to whom the coats of arms of Hungary and Bohemia were attached, it read :
    “ JOSEPHVS Rome. Imp. Semper Augustus AEream hanc molem Munificentiae suae magnitudine Haud indignam Ut Ob tot tantasque Victorias Ad gratias Numinis agendas Subjectos Populos Grandi Sonitu excitaret, Fieri Albertinaeque Turris Ad Singulare decus Isthuc attolli jussit. ”
    “ Joseph I Roman Emperor, at all times a member of the empire, had this immense force of ore manufactured so that it was appropriate to the size of its generosity, and raised in this Albertine tower as a special adornment of the same, so that the mighty sound spread the people urge me to thank the Almighty with him for so many and so wonderful victories. "
  2. Under the image of the Immaculate Conception , next to which the imperial eagle was affixed to the heart shield of Austria and Castile's coat of arms , was written:
    “ DEIPARine Sine Originali labe conceptae Josephi Dei in terris LEOPOLDI Divi Marchionis, Triadis Austriae Tutelaris Sanctissimis, maximisque nominum nominibus Sanctissulpestatum Vicemquetratum Machinam Solenni ritu Insignivit, Sacravit Franciscus Ferdinandus ex Baron De Rumel SRJ Princeps Episcopus Viennensis. ”
    “ The blessed Mother of God, Joseph, the foster father of God on earth, the holy Margrave Leopold , was consecrated to this sublime name the bell that is victorious over storms and whose excellent chimes indicate an annual rite, Franz Ferdinand Freiherr von Rummel , of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince and Bishop of Vienna. "
  3. Under the picture of St. Leopold with the coat of arms of Austria ( tie shield ) read :
    “ Aerae Xstianae M.DCC.XI. Anno Quo Austriae ubique Locum tenentem egit Ferdinandus Carolus Comes à Welz Consulis, Johannes Franciscus Benighoffer Aeris Civici Custodis Joannes Sebastianus Höpffner a Brent Aedilis munus egit Georgius Altschaffer. ”
    “ In 1711, when Ferdinand Carl Graf von Welz was governor, Johann Franz Wenighofer mayor, Johann Sebastian Höpfer von Brandt city treasurer, and Georg Altschaffer master builder. ”
  4. Around the edge, decorated with foliage, was written, with the last two “Cs” reversed in “CCICC”:
    “ Saevientis in Viennam Anno MDCLXXXIII Duosque post menses inde per Carolum Lotharingiae Ducem, et foederatos Principes Xstianos prostigatae Turciae Captivum fulminantium Machinarum aes in grande fulminantium Machinarum aes Divini cultus instrumentum ter CCICC ac plurium libr. Fusoria arte feliciter mutavit Joannes Archamer Caesareae Rei tormentariae fusor. ”
    “ The ore of the Turkish cannons, from which they raged against Vienna for 2 moons in 1683, until they were knocked out by     Carl Duke of Lorraine and the allied Christian princes, Johann Achammer, imperial stucco caster, put in this tool, consecrated to the service of God more than 30,000 pounds transformed with art and with luck. "

Transport and consecration

Transfer of the Josephine bell to St. Stephan (1711)
Approximate transport route from the foundry to St. Stephen's Cathedral on a map with stand 1704

Since the bell was so large and only fit through one of the city gates, no direct and low-level routes could be chosen from the foundry to the cathedral. You had to make a detour via the glacis around the city to Obere Fallen near the Red Tower (later Fischerthor , now around Morzinplatz). In the new fortifications only this gate was big enough. So you had to accept, especially from the Schottentor downhill and from the city ​​wall to the cathedral, to pull relatively steeply uphill. To this day, these circumstances mean that the suburb closest to the gate, the Leopoldstadt above the Danube, is often incorrectly stated as the casting location . Months beforehand, a master builder was commissioned to check the strength of all underground vaults on the route from the Red Tower to the Stephansfriedhof (today's Rotenturmstrasse ) and, if necessary, to reinforce it with posts.

On October 29th, the transport began on a specially built wagon. This was pulled on two mighty ropes by 200 volunteers - from aristocrats to craftsmen. The original plan to use horses was abandoned because it was feared that they would not have pulled evenly. On November 4th you reached the Fischertor, and on November 6th you reached St. Stephen's Cathedral. Since the car was slightly wider than the bell, the inside width of the cathedral portal is only 2.4 m and the distance between the innermost garment columns is only 3.2 m, at least the door posts in the lower area had to be removed. A crossing was also cut out of the lower part of the tympanum and replaced, the lower edge of which is now 4.4 m above the ground. During the entire transport, two masons were seriously injured, for whom the city paid the treatment costs.

On December 15, 1711, the bell was consecrated by Bishop Franz Ferdinand Freiherr von Rummel , and from the next day they began to wind it up in the "Albertine Tower". It was rung for the first time on January 27, 1712 for the service for the return of Charles VI. of his coronation as Roman-German Emperor . 16 men had to pull together on the bell cord, and it took a quarter of an hour before the clapper struck the first time.

Operation to the point of destruction

It was usually rung ten days a year. At the big bell on the occasion of a thanksgiving service for the peace of Vienna (1738) in the presence of high and very high personalities, who would be “both ruling imperial and royal catholic majesties, the noble archduchesses accompanied by the papal nuncio Paulucci, the French ambassador Marquis de Mirepoir and of the Venetian ambassador Mr. Alexander Zen, the imperial secret councilors and chamberlains as well as many other high class persons of both sexes ” , the handle shattered on June 28, 1739. At the hammer smith Sebastian Wiener (Wimer) in "Pising behind Neustadt" (today Piesting ) a new, supposedly 15 quintals 70 pound handle was cast (879 kg possibly not until 1740, 1952 this handle should have been 813 kg). This clapper is said to have been used in the beginning with the new Pummerin. Because of its great weight, the bell usually rested on two oak beams that were unscrewed before it started ringing.

Although a well-built belfry can dampen vibrations, the pummerin became a problem for the slender, tall south tower. Cathedral builder Friedrich von Schmidt prohibited the pummerin from ringing the bell in 1875 and only struck the clapper. An exception was only made at the funeral of Emperor Franz Joseph I in 1916. The last time she could be heard after Domkapellmeister Anton Wesely was at Easter 1937. According to Karl Rudolf, an eye and ear witness from the immediate vicinity of Cardinal Innitzer, “the bells rang in Linz and Vienna when Adolf Hitler moved in , as did the old 'Pummerin' from St. Stephan [... The 12th and 14th April 1938 meant] "

At the end of World War II, surrounding houses were looted; the cathedral caught fire and burned from April 11th to 13th, 1945. Because from April 6th to 13th the fighting between German and Soviet troops raged in the city area and on the night of April 11th to 12th the Danube Canal was heading towards Brigittenau was crossed, it was difficult to think of extinguishing work. Also from April 7th, only one operational fire engine and 18 firefighters were available. The wooden belfry caught fire as well; The bell fell on April 12, 1945 at 2:30 p.m., broke and destroyed the monument to the liberation of the Turks . Today her clapper lies in the lapidarium under the nave.

Half-pummer

Even before the Josephine bell there was a bell in the cathedral called Pummerin , cast in 1588 by Urban Weiß. Her real name was Johannesglocke. It was not until the 19th century that the name Pummerin was transferred to the larger and deeper Josephinian bell, while the name Halbpummerin became established for the Johannes bell . This hung in the north tower, where the Pummerin hangs today. The Halbpummerin weighed 11,676 kg, had a diameter of 257 cm, and sounded on the percussive e 0 + 8 / 16 . This bell is said to have been a masterpiece of the first order, both sonically and artistically, on a par with the famous Gloriosa of Erfurt Cathedral . At the time it was cast, the half-pummer was the largest bell in the German-speaking area. During the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna , it was the only bell in the city that could be rung in the event of imminent danger, which is why it was sometimes called the Angsterin .

The Halbpummerin was also destroyed in the cathedral fire on April 12, 1945. The recovered remains were also used to cast the new Pummerin.

New Pummerin

Font and bell description

Detail of the bell drive

The salvaged material of the old bell (16,592 kg), parts of two also crashed bells from St. Stephen's Cathedral (so-called half and quarter pummers, 7,130 kg) and some material from the inventory of the bell foundry (1,400 kg, altogether 25,122 kg) were made in 1951 , as a gift from the federal state of Upper Austria , cast a new one by the Upper Austrian bell and metal foundry in Sankt Florian under the foreman Ing. Karl Geiß (or Geisz, 1905–1953, Karl-Geiß-Gasse ) and the casting master Edmund Karl. The necessary infrastructure in the foundry (casting pit, furnace) had to be specially built because of the dimensions. In 1949 the construction of the mold began. The first casting in front of an audience of around 600 people on October 26, 1950 failed: ten minutes after the tapping, a support beam of the damming gave way, the bell food, heated to 1300 ° C, flowed out and set the auditorium on fire. The market fire brigade, which had been on standby the day before, was able to extinguish the fire in a short time. The second casting was completed on September 5, 1951 from 10:21 a.m. to 10:31 a.m., on September 26, the bell, which had been removed from the jacket, was finished and on December 3, the finished bell was removed.

The “voice of Austria” , as it is also called, strikes 34 times per minute at full ring level and has a ringing length of around 200 seconds. It has a diameter of 314 cm, is 294 cm high (up to the hood 246 cm) and has a maximum wall thickness of 23 cm with a weight of 20,130 kg, plus the 613 kg clapper and additional material, and has a total of over 21,000 kg. This makes it the third largest bell in Western and Central Europe and the sixth largest vibrating bell in the world , after the Petersglocke in Cologne Cathedral (24,000 kg) and Maria Dolens in Rovereto, Italy (23,000 kg) ; with others only the clapper is moved or with Buddhist temple bells a barrier is worked. The alloy has a copper content of 80.6 percent, a tin content of 18.4 percent and 1 percent other metals. It is powered by two eleven HP (2 × 8.1 kW) motors that act on two oversized beech wheels and the slightly cranked yoke .

In her reliefs by Franz Forster (1896–1993) she shows motifs from the siege of the Turks, the fire in St. Stephen's Cathedral in 1945 and the Immaculate Conception based on a faithful reproduction of that of the old Pummerin. Six Turkish heads can be seen on the arms of the handle crown. The reliefs have the following inscriptions in Latin: (The year numbers are encoded in the form of a chronogram with oversized letters. They are written in Latin digits after the German translation.)

  1. About the Turkish siege:
    “ F V SA E X PRAE D A T V R C OR VM V RBE E X SANG VI HOST I S POTENT I A FORT I TER S V PERATA IV B IL ANTE ”
    “I am poured from the booty of the Turks, when the bled-out city rejoiced after bravely overcoming enemy power. ”1711.
  2. On the fire of St. Stephan:
    “ C ONFRA C TA I N C EN DII AEST V R VI E X T V RR I V ASTATA V RBE BE LL O ANGOREQ V E GE M ENTE ”
    “I was burst in the embers of the fire . I fell from the devastated tower as the city sighed amid war and fear. ”1945.
  3. The dedication reads:
    “ RESTA V RATA THEO D ORO C AR DI NA LI I NN I TZER HENR IC O G L E I SSNER NA V ANTE GE I SZ C ARO L O OP I F IC E C ONSE C RATA REG I NAE A V STR I AE V T POTENT I E IV S PRE C E S I T PA X I N LI BERTATE ”
    “ Restored under Cardinal Theodor Innitzer , through the efforts of Heinrich Gleißner by the foreman Karl Geisz. Consecrated to the Queen of Austria , so that through her mighty intercession peace may be in freedom . ”1951.

Above the dedicatory inscription is the coat of arms of the Republic of Austria, below the coat of arms of Upper Austria, as well as the coat of arms of Cardinal Innitzer, the Bishop of Linz Dr. Josef Fliesser and the St. Florian bell foundry.

Transport, consecration and elevator

North tower of St. Stephen's Cathedral with the bell chamber of the Pummerin
Bell ring of the Pummerin in front of the Linz country house .

On December 21, 1951, the bell was adopted in St. Florian and brought to Linz. From December 22, 1951 to April 23, 1952 it was exhibited in the courtyard of the Upper Austrian State Museum, which was specially roofed for this purpose, and an exhibition about the old and new Pummerin was put together. With 70,000 visitors, it was one of the museum's most successful exhibitions. In 1956, the so-called bell ring of the Pummerin was embedded in the paving in front of the south portal of the Linz Landhaus , a metal ring with the circumference of the Pummerin, in memory of the fact that the bell began its journey to Vienna from here. This began on April 25, 1952 with an overnight stay in St. Pölten. The bell was transported with a low loader and a truck at the front and rear. In Vienna, on April 26th, at 4 p.m., she was received by a cheering crowd on Stephansplatz and consecrated by the cardinal. On the way, countless people had lined the way and the Russian soldiers at the zone border allowed the convoy to pass in the presence of the Soviet city commander of St. Valentin without checking the transport ticket and identity cards.

Because of the static problems caused by the old bell, the smaller north tower was chosen as the place for the new Pummerin. Since it had been damaged by the fire in St. Stephen's Cathedral and had not yet been rebuilt at the time, it was hung in a makeshift steel bell cage that was set up in the courtyard of the Dombauhütte. The clapper was struck there on April 27th at 2:40 a.m., an event some people had been waiting for on Stephansplatz.

On April 27, it was rung for the first time at the festive service for the opening of the restored choir. At the turn of the year 1952/1953, the annual New Year ringing was introduced as a fixed part of the ringing order . The first time a previously made recording was sent by the Red-White-Red transmitter as the usual New Year's bells. At the premiere in front of St. Stephen's Cathedral, the clapper from the old bell broke on the tenth strike. The VÖEST then donated a new one. In May 1953, the final electrical bell from the company Bokelmann & Kuhlo from Herford was installed, which supplied bell machines to the cathedral before the war. It was donated by the insurance company of the Austrian federal states, which is now part of UNIQA insurance .

On October 3, 1957, the bell was brought into the cathedral, whereby part of the side stones had to be removed from the giant gate - as with the first bell. On 5 October 1957 she was finally raised, on 13 October was spire consecrated and the gospel they heard for the first time at the tower.

Further changes

Soon after the reopening of the cathedral, the idea arose of purchasing a new festive bell, the sound of which should be matched to the Pummerin: After some financial problems, the then President of the National Council Leopold Figl was able to raise funds and on October 2, 1960, among other things, this bell was in the Bell chamber of the south tower inaugurated.

After an electromechanical control , the Pummerin received an electronic bell from MUFF AG in 2003 , which, with the two drive motors, allows the bell to swing more evenly and thus puts less strain on the bell and bell stalls. On April 23, 2007 the bell was rung at 6:00 p.m. and for the parish fair at 7:30 p.m. It was subjected to a stress test as part of the European ProBell project. For this purpose, the Kempten University of Applied Sciences and the Grassmayr bell foundry in Innsbruck installed strain gauges , acceleration sensors and special measuring microphones in order to measure the load values ​​when striking and to detect any cracks that may be starting.

In 2010, the European Center of Excellence for Bells ProBell at the Kempten University of Applied Sciences was commissioned to design a new clapper for the Pummerin, as the stresses when ringing were already recorded in 2007 and there was a high risk of fatigue cracks on the bell. The main reason for this was the very heavy clapper, weighing 886 kilograms, with unfavorable dynamic properties. At 613 kilograms, the new clapper is around 30% lighter than its predecessor and rings the bell much more gently, without neglecting the sound stimulation of the bell. On Saturday, December 4th, 2010, the day of St. Barbara (also the patron saint of blacksmiths and bell-makers), the German company Edelstahl Rosswag began with the forging work for the new clapper for the Pummerin from a steel block weighing around a ton; the finished clapper was attached to the Pummerin on March 9, 2011. The Technical Research Institute of the Technical University of Vienna studied before installing the new clapper whether the existing clapper suspension could be used. Installation was carried out under the direction of Peter Grassmayr from the Grassmayr bell foundry .

Ringing order

Regular occasions

On the one hand, the Pummerin is rung on specific occasions. This includes high Catholic festivals such as Easter , Pentecost , Corpus Christi , Christmas Eve and St. Stephen's Day (main patron of the church). The Pummerin is also rung at the turn of the year , a recording of which is always the first item on the program of the new year on the radio and television program of the ORF , followed by the Blue Danube Waltz . At All Souls' Day (November 2) the Pummerin is in remembrance of the fallen rung of the Second World War and on April 23 to Domweihfest.

Date / day Time (start) occasion
24th of December ≈ 17:30 Holy evening after First Vespers (solemnity of the birth of the Lord)
23:55 Holy evening at the beginning of Christmas mass
December 26th ≈ between 11:50 am and 12:10 pm Stefanitag (after high mass)
December 31 ≈ 17:30 End of year prayer
January 1st 00:00 Ring in the new calendar year
Holy Saturday ≈ 23:00 Easter gloria on Easter night
Easter Sunday ≈ between 11:50 am and 12:10 pm Solemnity of the Lord's Resurrection (after high mass)
April 23 ≈ between 19:20 and 19:30 Cathedral consecration
Pentecost Sunday ≈ between 11:45 and 12:00 Solemnity Pentecost (after high mass)
Corpus Christi ≈ 09:30 Beginning of the procession
≈ 11:30 after high mass
October 26th ≈ 19:00 National holiday, after the evening mass
November 2 ≈ 5:45 pm All Souls

Special occasions

On the other hand, the bell is rung when the pope , a Viennese archbishop or a Viennese cathedral priest has died, as well as after the election of a new pope and when a Viennese archbishop is enthroned . Then at the funeral service for a deceased Austrian Federal President and that of a Viennese mayor , and after particularly tragic events such as B. in memory of the victims of Kaprun .

Selection of special occasions, especially recent dates, on which the bell was rung in addition to the periodically recurring appointments:

date occasion
May 15, 1955 At noon after the signing of the Austrian State Treaty and at 4:45 p.m. for the festive service
November 22, 1963 Assassination of John F. Kennedy
April 1, 1989 Funeral of Empress Zita
April 10, 2000 Funeral of former Federal President Rudolf Kirchschläger
November 17, 2000 Funeral service in memory of the victims of the fire disaster on the Kitzsteinhorn
September 11, 2001 Terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 in New York City (during the Requiem for former German Chancellor Josef Klaus )
December 18, 2003 “Symbolic test ringing” for the press at 2:00 p.m. on the occasion of the presentation of the new electronic control
March 13th and 27th, 2004 On March 13th at 8:00 a.m. for Cardinal Franz König who died that night and on March 27th for the funeral service
July 10, 2004 Funeral service for Federal President Thomas Klestil
April 2nd, 3rd and 8th, 2005 At 10:00 p.m. for death, then for memorial service and funeral of John Paul II.
April 19, 2005 Election of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI.
May 23, 2005 Divine service for the new Pope
April 12, 2005 At 2:30 p.m. to commemorate the destruction of the old bell 60 years ago
May 8, 2005 60th anniversary of the end of World War II in 1945
May 15, 2005 50th return of the signing of the State Treaty and regaining of freedom of Austria in 1955 and at the same time Pentecost Sunday
April 23, 2007 At 6:00 p.m. the bell was rung out of sequence and at 7:30 p.m. for the parish fair and a stress test was carried out at the same time.
June 23, 2007 Funeral celebrations for former Federal President Kurt Waldheim
September 9, 2007 Entry of Pope Benedict XVI. in St. Stephen's Cathedral
October 26, 2007 Festival service "for homeland and fatherland" on the Austrian National Day (for the first time)
May 12, 2008 Episcopal ordination of the new Vienna auxiliary bishop Stephan Turnovszky
October 26, 2008 Festive service “for home and fatherland” on the Austrian national holiday
November 8, 2008 Requiem for the late former mayor of Vienna, Helmut Zilk
March 9, 2011 Installation and testing of the new clapper
July 16, 2011 Requiem for the late Otto von Habsburg-Lothringen
13th March 2013 Election of Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio as Pope Francis
April 12, 2015 70th anniversary of the cathedral fire in 1945
August 31, 2015 Funeral service for the victims of the refugee tragedy near Parndorf
April 16, 2019 Show of solidarity for the fire in Notre-Dame de Paris

More pummers

Vienna

  • The second largest bell of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , which was destroyed in the fire in 1945 , was called Halbpummerin , the third largest bell, which was also destroyed, was called Quarter Pummerin . Even today, the second largest cathedral bell - the Stephanus bell - is sometimes referred to as the half-pummer. The term quarter pummer for the third largest bell - the Leopold bell - is no longer in use.
  • Another Pummerin hangs just a few minutes' walk from St. Stephen's Cathedral : the big bell of the Jesuit Church in Vienna , one of the most beautiful and melodious bells in Austria . It was cast by Friedrich Reinhart in Innsbruck in 1631 and transported to Vienna by ship. Its diameter is 180 cm, weight kg 3,800, and you strike note is b 0 - 2 / 16 .
  • In Vienna there is still a Pummerin: the big bell of the parish church Neusimmering is called the Simmeringer Pummerin . It is a steel bell from the Böhler company, cast in 1926. Its diameter is approx. 180 cm, its weight approx. 3,000 kg, its strike tone is h 0 .

Lower Austria

Bavaria

  • The biggest Passauer cathedral bell is the Pummerin in percussive fis 0 - 8 / 16 . It has a diameter of 232 cm and a weight of 7,850 kg. The bell was cast in 1952 by the Rudolf Perner bell foundry in Passau.
  • From the tower of the Liebfrauenmünster in Donauwörth the Pummerin sounds , which with its 6,550 kg is considered to be the largest bell in Swabia . It was originally cast in 1512 and after a jump by Johannes Schelchshorn from Neuburg an der Donau , it was recast in 1677. After another jump, Theodor Wolfart from Kempten cast it again in 1886. Your strike tone is as 0 .

Bohemia

literature

  • Emil Hütter: The big bell at St. Stephan in Vienna. In: Reports and communications from the Alterthums-Verein zu Wien. Volume XIII. Karl Gronemeyr, Vienna 1873, pp. 1–9 ( text in Google book search).
  • Hans Wopelka (Author), Office of the Upper Austrian Provincial Government (Hrsg.): The new Pummerin: Sept. 5, 1951. Casting of the bell donated by the State of Upper Austria for the St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna by the Upper Austrian. Bell and metal foundry St. Florian , letterpress of the Office of the Upper Austrian Provincial Government, Linz 1951, 12 pp.
  • Karl Geisz: The old and the new Pummerin. In: Musica Orans , 4th vol., No. 3, Vienna-Graz 1952, pp. 4–6.
  • Hans Wopelka: The old and the new Pummerin. In: Oberösterreichische Landschaft , 2nd volume, issue 1/2, Volk, Kultur, Sport, 1952, pp. 24–29.
  • Cathedral Kapellmeister Anton Wesely: The old and the new Pummerin. In: Oskar Gürth, Gabrielle Thun (ed.): The Cathedral of St. Stephan in Vienna. Festschrift for the reopening of the Albertine Choir AD1952 , self-published by the Dompfarre, Vienna 1952.
  • Viktor Flieder, Franz Loidl: St. Stephen's Cathedral: Destruction and Reconstruction: Chronicle and Documentation , Volume 3 of publications by the Church History Institute of the Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Vienna , Wiener Dom-Verlag, 1967.
  • Felix Czeike (Ed.): Historisches Lexikon Wien . Volume 4, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-218-00546-9 , p. 615 ( digitized version ).

Movie

  • Pummerin - The voice of Austria. Documentary, Austria, 2016, 43:23 min., Script and director: Peter Beringer, production: embfilm, ORF III , series: ORF III theme Monday , first broadcast: Easter Monday, March 28, 2016 on ORF III, summary of ORF III ( 3sat -Media library ).

Web links

Commons : Pummerin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Audio and video files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ digitized version
  2. ↑ a b c d Gerhard Robert Walter von Coeckelberghe-Dützele, Anton Köhler (Ed.): Curiosities and Memorabilia Lexicon of Vienna: an instructive and entertaining reference and reading book in anecdotal, artistic, biographical, historical, legendary, picturesque, more romantic u. topographic relationship, Volume II, Realis, 1846, p. 262: "Pummerin (Die)", ( online in the Google book search).
  3. ↑ a b c Conversion from: Wolfgang Trapp : Small handbook of measurements, numbers, weights and the calculation of time , Komet MA-Service und Verlagsgesellschaft, Frechen 1998, ISBN 3-89836-198-5 :
    p. 229: Wiener Fuß 18. Jh : 32.032 cm; (19th century: 31.610 cm; official conversion: 31.6081 cm)
    p. 23: 1 foot = 12 inches for the German measure of length (with geometric divisions sometimes: 1 foot = 10 inches)
    p. 241: Vienna trading pound: 560.012 g ; 100 pounds = 1 quintals (56 kg).
  4. ↑ Vienna . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 19 . Altenburg 1865, p. 178-191 ( zeno.org ).
  5. ↑ a b c Albert Camesina: Vienna's Bedrängniß in the year 1683 - [2. Part] - Events outside Vienna during the second Turkish siege in 1683. In: Association for the History of the City of Vienna (Ed.): Reports and communications from the Alterthums-Verein zu Wien. Born in 1864, Volume 8, In Commission der Buchhandlung Prandel und Meyer, Vienna 1865, pp. 135-137, footnote 2, with contemporary quotations from the Wiennerisches Diarium No. 862, 873, 874, 886 and the camera office bill ( online in Google - book search)
  6. ↑ Werner Arnold Steinhausen: Floor plan of the city of Vienna with the glacis and adjacent parts of the suburbs , 1710, reproduction by Gustav Adolph Schimmer as a color break in 1847 ( online  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , Excerpt 8 / line 3 column 2).@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.wien.gv.at  
  7. ↑ Ignaz De Luca: Vienna's current state under Joseph's government , Georg Philipp Wucherers, Vienna 1787, p. 78 “Fischerthor” , p. 286 “Schanzlthor” (the name was mainly used for an adjacent gate to the northeast. The Schanzl was used as the Marked strip between the city wall and the banks of the Danube.)
  8. ^ Memo - ideas, myths, festivals: Wolfgang Slapansky: "Die Pummerin" - history of an institution. Radio broadcast in Ö1, oe1.orf.at, January 1, 2016, 7:05 p.m.
  9. ↑ Rudolf Koch: Results of the previous structural analysis on the western complex and on the “Giant Gate” of St. Stephan in Vienna , univie.ac.at, 1992–1997; modified published in: Friedrich Dahm (Hrsg.): Das Riesentor. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008, ISBN 978-3-7001-3690-3 , pp. 107–130.
  10. ↑ Warm welcome from the city limits to Stephansplatz. Thousands saw the giant bell - the cathedral in its flag decoration . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna April 27, 1952, p. 5 ( Arbeiter-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
  11. ^ Vienna, July 1, 1739. In: Wienerisches Diarium / Wiener Zeitung, Num. 52, July 1, 1739, p. 538 (daily page No. 6) .
  12. ↑ a b c d e Article about the Pummerin in an Upper Austria magazine from 1952 ( memento from July 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), linzansichten.at, last-mentioned date in the report: December 21, 1951.
  13. ^ Franz Zehetner, Ernst Zöchling: 50 years Pummerin at the north tower. In: The Cathedral. Bulletin of the Vienna Cathedral Conservation Association (PDF; 465 kB) , 2/2007, pp. 5–7.
  14. ^ Gerhard Frey: Tour around St. Stephen's Cathedral , www.stadt-wien.at; accessed on April 15, 2009.
  15. ^ Domkapellmeister Anton Wesely: The old and the new Pummerin. In: Oskar Gürth, Gabrielle Thun (ed.): The Cathedral of St. Stephan in Vienna. Festschrift for the reopening of the Albertine Choir AD1952. Self-published by the cathedral parish, Vienna 1952.
  16. ^ Karl Rudolf: Structure in the Resistance , Salzburg 1947, p. 18; quoted from:
    Max Liebmann: The original version of the “Solemn Declaration” from March 1938. In: New Archive for the History of the Diocese of Linz , 2nd year, Issue 1, 1982/83, p. 83, note 6, online (PDF ; 1.9 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
  17. ↑ Eyewitness "Stefflbrand" ( Memento of January 5, 2013 Internet Archive ) (Prelate Lothar Kodeischka and Diözesanarchivarin Annemarie Fenzl) erzdioezese-wien.at, April 12 of 2005.
  18. ↑ "Pummerin" heralds the new year  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , wien.orf.at, December 31, 2010.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / wiev1.orf.at  
  19. ↑ a b c d e f g Jörg Wernisch: Bell customer of Austria . Journal-Verlag, Lienz 2006.
  20. ^ 1. Tokinosumika Bell , Japan; 2. Millennium Bell , USA; 3. great bell of the Cathedral of the People's Redemption , Romania; 4 Petersglocke , Germany; 5. Campana dei Caduti `` Maria Dolens '', Italy.
  21. ^ Fritz Feichtinger: Bruckner & Forster - Die Brucker-Büsten von Franz S. Forster, St. Florian In: Landesinstitut für Volksbildung und Heimatpflege in Oberösterreich (Ed.): Oberösterreichische Heimatblätter, 41st year 1987, Issue 4, p. 354 –356, online (PDF; 1.1 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
  22. ↑ a b 50 years ago the "Pummerin" returned to Vienna , religion.orf.at, April 11, 2002.
  23. ↑ Information sheet about the Pummerin  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 1950s / 1960s, linzansichten.at.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.linzansichten.at  
  24. ↑ Gabriele Hasmann: Der Stephansdom , Pichler Verlag (Verlagsgruppe Styria) 2011, ISBN 978-3-85431-555-1 , p. 36.
  25. ^ Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. 97th volume, Linz 1952, p. 11, management report , online (PDF; 5.9 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
  26. ^ Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. 98th volume, Linz 1953, p. 12, management report , online (PDF; 9.4 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
  27. ^ Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. 128. Volume II, Reports. Festschrift - 150 years of Upper Austrian Museum Association, Linz 1983, p. 25, director's report 1945–1982, online (PDF; 6.7 MB) in the OoeGeschichte.at forum
  28. ^ Linz - Culture - Monuments: Bell ring of the Pummerin .
  29. ^ Hugo Portisch, Eva Janko, Österreichische Bundesregierung (Eds.): Minutes of the state and ceremony as well as the anniversary events in Germany and abroad , Volume 5 of 25 Years of the State Treaty , Österreichischer Bundesverlag, 1981, ISBN 3-215-04521-4 , P. 105.
  30. ^ The new Pummerin for St. Stephen's Cathedral - excerpts from a radio report from April 27, 1952 at 2:40 in the morning by the first test people in Vienna, Austrian Media Library, E06-00156.
  31. ↑ From day to day - The Pummerin heralds the New Year . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna December 31, 1952, p. 3 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
  32. ↑ The new pummer and the old clapper . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna January 3, 1953, p. 3 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
  33. ^ A b Anton Faber: Dear members of the cathedral preservation association. In: The Cathedral. Bulletin of the Vienna Cathedral Conservation Association (PDF; 465 kB) , 2/2007, p. 12.
  34. ↑ Viktor Flieder, Franz Loidl: St. Stephen's Cathedral: Destruction and Reconstruction: Chronicle and Documentation , Volume 3 of publications by the Church History Institute of the Catholic Theological Faculty of the University of Vienna , Wiener Dom-Verlag, 1967, p. 81.
  35. ↑ Reinhard H. Gruber: The Bell from St. Stephan , dommusik-wien.at, accessed on April 15, 2009.
  36. ↑ a b MUFF Triengen, bell ringing machine system patent MUFF-LM2000 : NZZ Format : “In love with a Viennese woman - or why the second largest bell in Europe rings with Swiss precision” on YouTube . In: NZZ Swiss Made, “The Secret Glockenklang” , February 8, 2004 ( film text of the program ).
  37. ↑ a b health check for Pummerin , ooe.orf.at, April 23, 2007.
  38. ↑ a b Pfinztaler company Edelstahl Rosswag forges clappers for Austria's largest bell on YouTube .
  39. ↑ a b The Pummerin will ring forever , tuwien.ac.at, March 9, 2011.
  40. ↑ a b Pummerin got a new clapper , orf.at, March 9, 2011.
  41. ↑ Grassmayr1599: Pummerin new clapper on YouTube .
  42. ↑ St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna ( Memento from December 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), stephanskirche.at. - Bell ringtone for St. Stephen's Cathedral (PDF)
  43. ↑ 2011: Pummerin and Wiener Walzer; ORF 1 on YouTube .
  44. ↑ Video from December 24th 2009 (7:52 min) on YouTube .
  45. ↑ Video in the Glockenstuhl from December 26, 2009 (6:51 min) on YouTube .
  46. ↑ Video from May 27, 2012 (8:01 min) on YouTube .
  47. ↑ Pentecostal spirit for the anniversary of the State Treaty ( memento from July 30, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), archive.is/BxGZ, May 15, 2005.
  48. ↑ May 15, 1955… on the radio , mediathek.at.
  49. ↑ Stefansdom - Frequently Asked Questions , 2. When does the Pummerin ring?, Accessed on October 18, 2015.
  50. ↑ 9/11: Cardinal Schönborn calls for togetherness ( memento of July 16, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), archive.is/Wvrc, September 11, 2006.
  51. ↑ Cardinal König died , orf, March 13, 2004.
  52. ↑ Federal President Dr. Thomas Klestil buried , oe-journal.at, July 12, 2004.
  53. ↑ Pummerin announced the death of the Pope ( memento of July 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), gnadendorf.stephanscom.at, April 3, 2005.
  54. ↑ May God grant John Paul II the promised wages ( memento from July 31, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), erzdioezese-wien.at, April 8, 2005.
  55. ↑ "Be Witnesses of Mercy!" ( Memento from July 31, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), erzdioezese-wien.at, April 5, 2005.
  56. ↑ Cathedral pastor Faber expects “good impulses” - divine services for the new Pope ( Memento from August 1, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) erzdioezese-wien.at, April 19, 2005.
  57. ↑ commemorative ringing of Pummerin: 60 years ago, fire destroyed bell of St. Stephen's Cathedral , news.at, April 12 of 2005.
  58. ↑ 50 Years of the State Treaty: Churches Celebrate and Commemorate ( Memento from July 31, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), archive.is/60RX, May 12, 2005.
  59. ^ Austria said goodbye to Waldheim , Wiener Zeitung, June 24, 2007.
  60. ↑ Papal mass in St. Stephen's Cathedral under the sign of the preservation of Sunday  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , gnadendorf.stephanscom.at, August 24, 2007.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / gnadendorf.stephanscom.at  
  61. ^ National holiday: "Prayer for Austria" in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna , archive.is/dNwN, October 17, 2007.
  62. ↑ New Auxiliary Bishop Turnovzky consecrated in Vienna , DiePresse.com, May 12, 2008.
  63. ↑ "Our freedom is a precious good" ( Memento from August 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ), erzdioezese-wien.at, October 27, 2008.
  64. ↑ Pummerin will ring in Zilk's funeral , wiev1.orf.at, October 28, 2008.
  65. ↑ Pummerin rings the bell for the death mass for Otto Habsburg , erzdioezese-wien.at, July 15, 2011.
  66. ↑ Pummerin recalled the destruction of the cathedral , orf.at, April 12, 2015.
  67. ↑ refugee drama on A4: Mass in St. Stephen's Cathedral on Monday , erzdioezese-wien.at, August 31, 2015.
  68. ↑ bells | Diocese of Passau ( memento of October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), bistum-passau.de.
  69. ^ Anton von Steichele : The diocese Augsburg, historically and statistically described. Volume 3: The Landkapitel Dilingen, Dinkelsbühel, Donauwörth , Augsburg, 1872, p. 771 , footnote 180; used in:
    • Schwäbische Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ed.): Publications of the Schwäbische Forschungsgemeinschaft at the Commission for Bavarian State History , Volume 12, Verlag der Schwäbische Forschungsgemeinschaft, 1950, pp. 104, 183.
    • Historischer Verein für Schwaben (Ed.): Journal of the Historisches Verein für Schwaben , Volume 81–82, Seitz 1988, p. 128.
  70. ↑ The "Pummerin" of the Marienmünster in Donauwörth
  71. ↑ Tourist information on the Black Tower in Budweis
  72. ↑ Boomerin . In: Scientifically edited online encyclopedia encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz about Budweis (Czech).


Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 30.8 "  N , 16 ° 22 ′ 22.8"  E