Lyackson
The Lyackson or Lyackson First Nation are North American Indians . They lived on Valdes Island off the east coast of Vancouver Island , but the areas there are so difficult to access and offer almost no infrastructure that the First Nation is looking for land to start a community . The name means 'Douglas station' or 'point'.
The Lyackson First Nation is one of the six tribes of the Hul'qumi'num group, including the Halalt , Chemainus , Cowichan , Penelakut and Lake Cowichan . This in turn belongs to the coastal Salish . The Lyackson provided 212 members (October 2015) of the group, which represents around 7,000 Indians. The Hul'qumi'num Nation claims an area of 334,000 hectares between the Nanaimo River , the Goldstream, Douglas Island and Tuck Lake.
history
The Lyackson go back to four ancestors, namely Thi'Xvulece , Swin'yleth , Swute'se'Dick, and Shulqvilum - those traditionally found in the villages of T'a'at'ka7 , Th'a 'x el, and Th' x we 'ksen lived.
Originally they had three permanent winter villages on the southwest coast of Valdes Island, plus a village at the mouth of the Cowichan River called T'aat'ka7 .
Shingle Point is now home to the 32 hectare Shingle Point No. 4 , in the language of the Lyackson Laay'ksen ( Douglas fir point ). This name carried over to the Lyackson people. The village itself was called T'aat'ka7 (square with lots of salal berries ). It was the second largest Indian village on the Gulf Islands after Penelakut Spit on Penelakut Island (formerly Kuper Island). It consisted of ten large longhouses.
Little Th'xwémksen east of Cayetano Point and south of Shingle Point consisted of only two or three houses around 1915, but there were probably five with 100 to 150 residents. The inhabitants of the place, where there is now a 2 hectare reserve ( Porlier Pass No. 5 ), were dispersed after 1915.
At Cardale Point between Shingle Point and Cayetano Point there was also a village with five or six long houses and around 150 inhabitants. It was called Th'axel . Despite its great importance for hunting, a reserve has never been established here.
In the 1881 census, there were 79 Lyackson families in five families, plus a fisherman living alone. Three of the five heads of families described themselves as "farmers", one as "fisherman", one as "trappers and hunters".
When the McKenna-McBride Commission visited the reservations from 1913, they suggested that the three reservations of the “Chemainus Tribe, Lyacksun Band”, “No. 3 - Lyacksun, 1756.00 acres; No. 4 - Shingle Point, 79.00 acres, and No. 5-Porter Pass, 5.00 acres ”should remain. These Commission proposals did not become legally binding until 1923.
Chief Pahalicktun (Richard Thomas) was appointed by the traditional Chief Gordon Thomas in the summer of 1993.
Current situation
The tribe currently lives mostly in Chemainus, but a small portion also lives on the original island. A large, tribal boat goes there regularly. There is water and electricity, as well as internet connection , but many Lyackson prefer urban life. After all, a vision has succeeded in strengthening the connection to the island.
Reservations
In August 2009, 16 Lyackson lived on the reservation, 25 on other reservations, 157 outside, a total of 198 people were registered as Lyackson. In March 2013, 204 Lyackson were counted, of which 16 still lived on the reservation and 25 on other reservations, but now 163 lived outside. In October 2015 172 lived outside, 24 in others and another 16 within their own reservation, so that a total of 212 members of the tribe were counted.
Lyackson 3 is by far the largest reserve with 710.6 hectares. There are also two more, namely Shingle Point 4 with 32 ha and Portier Pass 5 with 2 ha.
literature
- Wayne Suttles (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians . Volume 7: Northwest Coast. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC 1990. ISBN 0-87474-187-4
Web links
- Lyackson website
- Lyackson on the side of the tribal council
- Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group site
- Map of the Hul'qumi'num Contracting Group areas
- Map of the reserve
See also
- History of the Coastal Salish
- History of British Columbia
- First Nations history
- List of Indian tribes recognized in Canada
Remarks
- ↑ A helpful map of the place names can be found on the tribe's homepage: Hul'qumi'num Place-Names ( Memento of the original from November 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ After VIHistory: [1] .
- ↑ The published text: Minutes of Decision - Chemainus Tribe ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ The objectives can be found here (PDF, 1.2 MB): Shaping the Future of Our Homeland. Lyackson Community Vision For Valdes Island ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.2 MB).
- ↑ According to the information from the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development , First Nation Profiles: Lyackson ( Memento of the original from December 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ According to the information from the Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development , First Nation Profiles: [2]
