Mühlberg ensemble
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The Mühlberg ensemble is a listed late medieval group of houses in Kempten (Allgäu) . The three tiered houses have the addresses St.-Mang-Platz 8, 10 and 12 and are north of the parish church of St. Mang . The group of houses gained particular fame through extensive finds in the false floors and wall cladding , which were recovered during excavation work in advance of and parallel to the renovation work in winter 1996/1997.
Description and history
The three houses form the north side of the church district around St. Mang's Church. Originally there was another house at the east end of the row in the direction of the Alter Pfarrhof (St.-Mang-Platz 6), which was destroyed along with parts of the city wall during an ice drift on the Iller and was not rebuilt. House no. 12 was built according to the results of the dendrochronological investigation in 1289 and is therefore probably the oldest building in Kempten as well as one of the oldest surviving stone houses in Germany.
The group of houses was given the name Mühlberg-Ensemble during the renovation and conversion to the Lichtblick house of the Diakonie; it refers to the Mühlberg lane north of the houses.
St.-Mang-Platz 8
The property with the house number 8, which is erroneously referred to as the “Altes Mesnerhaus” on a house board, was formerly called the Vorsingerhaus because the cantors responsible for church music lived there.
It is a three- story gable roof building . The building was erected in 1356 in half-timbered and pillar construction. It has an arched entrance .
St.-Mang-Platz 10
Number 10 was the actual sacristan's house . It is a three-storey eaves side house with a gable roof and was built in 1354. The ground floor of this house is based on a courtyard wall from House No. 12. Two half-timbered storeys were placed on this stone courtyard wall. The half-timbering on the top floor that is visible today dates from the 1st quarter of the 18th century.
St.-Mang-Platz 12
House number 12 bears the historical name of Seelhaus zum Steg and is a three-storey stone gable building . It was built in 1289; In 1395 the roof structure was renewed, which is still preserved today. The building was nicknamed the footbridge because a connecting footbridge led from the north side of the second floor over the Mühlberg to the house opposite. This covered walkway was still in place in the 19th century and can be seen on the detailed cityscape from 1628.
The building was probably built in 1289 by order of the city lord, the prince abbot , and was designated as a lake house to accommodate pilgrims, travelers or those in need. On the second floor there was a large hearth , which made it possible to supply many people. In 1394 a community of sisters in the “Seelhaus zum Steg” is mentioned in the Stiftkemptischen Salbuch (“swestranze dem steg”).
After the middle of the 15th century, the community of sisters had apparently expired and the house was in disrepair, because in 1469 the Kempten citizen Agnes Wyssach donated money to repair the building and to re-establish a community of sisters. In 1470 Wyssach managed to get a confirmation letter for the new Seelhaus from the Augsburg bishop. In addition to the daily prayers, Wyssach obliged the community to attend four spoken masses and two sung offices in the St. Stephan chapel (Keckkapelle) each year, for which Wyssach also gave two prayer books. The members of the lay community were encouraged to practice a pious way of life in the imitatio Christi .
How long the sister community used the building is unclear; Around 1600 the house belonged to a Kempten patrician. Whether it was sold shortly after 1500 for the construction of the St. Anna convent at Neustätter Tor can be assumed, but not proven.
archeology
examination
In the run-up to the renovation of the three historically and structurally significant houses, archaeological investigations were carried out under the buildings, and traces of the previous development were found on the property.
The findings from the building archaeological investigations of the backfilling of ceilings and walls in all three houses were significant across Europe. Most of the backfills were sifted through on site, partly in parallel with the renovation work that had already started. The most valuable false floor and wall backfills were recovered in sacks and sifted out in a depot in the city over the course of the next two years, so that even very small finds could be recovered.
The scientific research of the Mühlberg finds was funded from 2000 to 2003 by the German Research Foundation - DFG ; The DFG project, from which numerous publications emerged, was realized by the City Archeology of Kempten, the Chair for Archeology of the Middle Ages and Modern Times at the University of Bamberg and the Chair for History at the University of Konstanz . The central groups of finds leather and fur, coins, wood, metal and textiles were published in the specially created “Mühlberg research” series.
Finds
The backfilling of the ceiling in house number 8 in particular turned out to be an archaeological sensation: countless pieces of everyday objects from the 14th to 16th centuries were found embedded in spelled husks. The objects made of organic materials such as wood, straw, leather and textiles, but also paper and parchment, are outstanding because such materials are decomposed in the earth and are therefore rarely found in the usual archaeological finds.
Exhibitions
As early as 1998, selected finds were shown at two state exhibitions of the House of Bavarian History in Kempten and Memmingen. From 1999 a separate section was dedicated to the Mühlberg finds in the newly opened Allgäu Museum in Kempten. Some of the finds are thematically summarized in several showcases on permanent display.
Finds from the Mühlberg ensemble are repeatedly borrowed in special exhibitions at home and abroad. B. for the Lower Austrian provincial exhibition in Laa an der Thaya 1998 "rebellious and adapted - women's life in Austria" , in Herne 2010 for "Aufruhr 1225!" Or in Regensburg 2014 for the Bavarian provincial exhibition ("Ludwig the Bavarian - We are emperors") .
use
Since the renovation, the Mühlberg ensemble has been used by the Kempten Allgäu Diakonie under the name "Haus Lichtblick"; various charitable institutions found a home there.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Michael Petzet : City and district of Kempten. (= Bavarian art monuments. Vol. 5), 1st edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1959, DNB 453751636 , p. 54.
- ^ Johann Hain and Friderich Raidel, 1628
- ↑ Birgit Kata: Sisters' houses in late medieval Kempten. In: Heimatverein Kempten (ed.): Allgäuer Geschichtsfreund , No. 102, Kempten 2002, pp. 117–140.
- ↑ Lichtblick - the House of Diakonie. In: diakonie-kempten.de, accessed on December 22, 2013
literature
- Rainer Atzbach , Ingolf Ericsson (ed.): The excavations in the Mühlberg ensemble (Kempten). Metal, wood and textile. Bamberg writings on the archeology of the Middle Ages and modern times 3 = Mühlbergforschungen Kempten (Allgäu) 3 (Bonn 2011). ISBN 978-3-7749-3756-7
- Harald Derschka : Fundmünzen aus Kempten: Catalog and evaluation of the coins and coin-like objects from the Middle Ages and modern times found in Kempten (Allgäu) (Mühlbergforschungen 2) (Friedberg 2007). ISBN 3980762874 .
- Rainer Atzbach: Leather and fur at the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the modern age. The finds from the building cavities of the Mühlberg ensemble in Kempten (Allgäu) . Bamberg writings on the archeology of the Middle Ages and modern times 2. = Mühlbergforschungen 1 (Bonn 2005), ISBN 3-7749-3311-1 .
- Ingolf Ericsson, Rainer Atzbach (Hrsg.): Depot finds from buildings in Central Europe. (Bamberg Colloquia on the Archeology of the Middle Ages and Modern Times; 1 / Archaeological Sources on the Middle Ages; 2), ISBN 978-3-7749-3756-7 , Berlin 2005:
- Birgit Kata: The finds from the “Mühlberg Ensemble” and their historical context - parchment and paper as archaeological finds. Pp. 58-67.
- Harald Derschka: The found coins from the Kempten “Mühlberg Ensemble”: building finds from the houses at St. Mang-Platz 8 to 12. P. 68–74.
- Erich Tremmel: Fragments of musical instruments in the complex of finds of the “Mühlberg Ensemble” in Kempten. Pp. 75-82.
- Antoinette Rast-Eicher / Klaus Tidow: The textiles from the “Mühlberg Ensemble”. Pp. 83-86.
- Nelo Lohwasser: The diverse wood finds from the “Mühlberg Ensemble” in Kempten. Pp. 87-95.
- Anja Elser: Metal finds - an often neglected type of find. Examples from the “Mühlberg Ensemble”. Pp. 96-104.
- Rainer Atzbach: Leather and fur from the “Mühlberg Ensemble” in Kempten. Pp. 105-114.
- Birgit Kata: Texts in the rubble and between the bars. Written sources from archaeological finds in Kempten (Allgäu). In: Karl Brunner / Gerhard Jaritz (eds.), Text als Realie (Austrian Academy of Sciences, Phil.-Hist. Class, session reports; 704 = publications of the Institute for Reality Studies of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era; 18), Vienna 2003, pp. 193-228.
- Harald Derschka: Fund coins in Kempten. Interim report on an ongoing research project. In: Heimatverein Kempten (ed.): Allgäuer Geschichtsfreund, No. 102, Kempten 2002, pp. 105–116.
- Birgit Kata: New finds on material culture from the late Middle Ages and the early modern period from the Mühlberg ensemble in Kempten (Allgäu). In: La culture materiélle - sources et problemèmes / The material culture - sources and problems. (Histoire des Alpes; 7) Zurich 2002, pp. 151–170.
- Birgit Kata: Ray of light - for Kempten's story: The archaeological finds from the three houses of the Mühlberg ensemble. In: Deacon. Work / Johannesverein Kempten and support group "House of Diakonie Kempten" (Ed.): Lichtblick - House of Diakonie. Kempten 1998, pp. 20-25.
Web links
Coordinates: 47 ° 43 ′ 33.3 " N , 10 ° 19 ′ 10.5" E