Garbage compactor
As waste disposers , also compactor called a special type of will wheel loaders referred that allow waste to landfills is distributed and compacted. In Germany they are used in landfills for household and commercial waste.
target
The landfill volume should be used as best as possible. In addition, the landfill body should be given stability and a uniform density. The uniform compression also reduces the leakage of any landfill gas made up of methane and carbon dioxide and, as far as possible, the inclusion of oxygen , which also reduces the risk of fire .
Construction
The waste compactor is a wheel loader that is driven by diesel aggregates. The vehicle is all-wheel drive and equipped with so-called pad feet . These are wheel-shaped with spikes or knives (for shredding waste and moving safely around the landfill) and are made of hardened metal, either in one piece or individually attached to each other. The prongs are welded on or provided during manufacture. The vehicle should have a dead weight of 21 tons or more for optimal compaction of the garbage. The pressure that the pad feet exert on the ground is decisive for the use of the machines. As the rubbish is compressed by the pad feet, the amount of paper flying into landfills is also considerably reduced.
Due to the danger of the vehicle tipping over on the landfill site, great importance is attached to a low center of gravity of the waste compactor. The bottom plate of the waste compactor is specially reinforced to prevent damage to the vehicle's mechanics. The driver's cab of the device is equipped with a protective ventilation system that filters and climates the air sucked into the cab. The sliding plate on the front of the compactor can be moved hydraulically and is used to distribute the garbage and protect the driver and the vehicle. It is provided with viewing slits for the driver so that his forward view is not impaired. The size classes of the garbage compactors are different, for example the smallest types with a dead weight of 21 to 25 tons compress 500 tons of garbage and the largest with a dead weight of 55 tons compress 1200 tons per day.
These special vehicles are used worldwide and sold by numerous manufacturers. The world market leaders are BOMAG from Boppard am Rhein, which hydrostatically drive their waste compactors , and the US company Caterpillar .
Procedure
The waste is built into the landfill with the waste compactor using the so-called thin - layer process . With a garbage truck , the garbage to be deposited is first transported to a distance of about 25 meters to the installation site and, if necessary, pushed on with the sliding plate of the compactor. The garbage is first roughly shredded by repeatedly driving over it with the ramming feet of the garbage compactor, which have a special profile with metallic spikes or knives. The waste is then evenly distributed with the sliding plate in layers approx. 50 cm thick. In the last work step, whereby driving over 25 times is considered optimal, the garbage is compacted by the heavy weight of the machine. The garbage layer is still approx. 20 to 30 cm high after processing. This corresponds to a compression of 40 to 60%. A controlled compaction is sought, since excessive compression could lead to an uncontrolled lateral leakage of seepage water from the layers; If the compression is too strong, gas-carrying intermediate layers can also form, which can lead to gas escapes on slopes or to air ingress and thus possibly cause problems with the degassing of the waste. The stability of the landfill body is also not guaranteed by excessive compression.
The landfill attendants are responsible for monitoring the correct installation of the garbage and the use of the garbage compactors . In German-speaking countries, they are trained in special courses lasting four to five days for their tasks.
Other compressors
A distinction must be made between the mobile garbage compactor and the stationary garbage compacting systems, which shred and compress valuable materials (for example leftovers on ships or plastic bottles) and other garbage.
The vehicles used in road and building construction that compact the building site are not considered to be waste compactors.
Garbage compactor in the film
- In the computer-animated movie WALL · E - The Last one clears up the earth , a robot with a garbage compactor plays the leading role.
literature
- Roland Hiebsch: Investigations into the compression of residual waste using compactors . Forum for waste management and contaminated sites c / o TU Dresden, Pirna-Copitz 2000, ISBN 3-934253-14-8 (also dissertation at the Technical University of Dresden (TUD) 2001).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Landfill degassing at dmskroeger.de (PDF; 2.2 MB), accessed on January 27, 2010
- ↑ www.umweltdatenbank.de Umwelt-Lexikon: Kompaktor , accessed on January 27, 2010
- ↑ Deponiewart on berufslexikon.at ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed January 27, 2010
Web links
- Information about a BOMAG waste compactor
- www.zaw-wachau.de - Zweckverband Abfallwirtschaft Westsachsen