Macruronidae

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Macruronidae
Macruronus novaezelandiae

Macruronus novaezelandiae

Systematics
Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei
Acanthomorphata
Paracanthopterygii
Order : Cod-like (Gadiformes)
Subordination : Gadoidei
Family : Macruronidae
Scientific name
Macruronidae
Smith & Radcliffe in Radcliffe, 1912

The Macruronidae (English: Southern Hakes = "southern hake") are a family of bony fish from the order of the cod-like (Gadiformes). The family includes seven species that are placed in three genera. They are common in the Atlantic and the seas of the southern hemisphere, especially around South Africa , southern South America , the southern coast of Australia and the South Island of New Zealand. They are important edible fish that are hunted down with large fishing fleets.

features

The Macruronidae are 35 cm to 1.30 meters long, one species, Lyconodes argenteus , is only known from a single, only 4.5 cm long, juvenile specimen. The body of the Macruronidae is elongated, laterally strongly flattened and becomes thinner and thinner from the rear edge of the head to the tail. The animals have one or two dorsal fins; if there are two, the base of the first is short and that of the second long. In contrast to the hake of the Merlucciidae family , which have a clearly separated caudal fin , the Macruronidae have a tapering tail without a pronounced caudal fin stalk and a circumferential fin fringe consisting of the second or single dorsal fin , the caudal and anal fin. The anal fin is always shorter than the second or only dorsal fin. The pectoral fins set at high, eight to ten supported fin rays pelvic fins sit forward, just below the pectoral fins or shortly behind it. They are always smaller than the pectoral fins. Pyloric tubes are available, thin and of different lengths. Pseudobranchs can be present or absent. The head is flattened, the mouth terminal. The lower jaw can protrude slightly. The premaxillary has two rows of teeth, the lower jaw has one row of teeth. One or two rows of teeth are on the ploughshare , the palatine bone is toothless. The nasal region is completely surrounded by scales.

Systematics

In older systematics, the family is managed as a subfamily of the hake (Merlucciidae), in more recent systems, however, according to their phylogenetic status as a sister group of the hake, frog cod ( Ranicipitidae) and cod (Gadidae), as an independent family.

Species list

literature

  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • D. Lloris, J. Matallanas, P. Oliver: Hakes of the World, an annotated and illustrated Catalog of Hake Species known to date. FAO Species Catalog for Fishery Purposes No. 2 online

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lyconodes argenteus on Fishbase.org (English)
  2. ↑ Hiromitsu Endo: Phylogeny of the Order Gadiformes (Teleostei, Paracanthopterygii). Mem Grad Sch Fish Sci Hokkaido Univ. Vol. 49, no. 2, pages 75-149 (2002) ISSN  1346-3306
  3. ^ EO Wiley & G. David Johnson: A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. in Joseph S. Nelson, Hans-Peter Schultze & Mark VH Wilson: Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts. 2010, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, ISBN 978-3-89937-107-9