Madlein avalanche

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Madlein avalanche
Data
Crack regularly
Biggest finish to the town center ( 1817, 1984 )
consequences
affected areas Ischgl
KNr. 7060805 Madlein avalanche 47 ° 01 '  N , 010 ° 17'  O coordinates: 47 ° 0 '54'  N , 10 ° 17 '27 "  O ; Large-scale construction until 2010 ! 547.0148855510.2906955

The Madlein avalanche is an avalanche line in Paznaun in Tyrol . The avalanche threatens the town of Ischgl and regularly led to severe devastation in the town. It was carefully secured with avalanche barriers.

Orography and Meteorology

The Madleinalpe is a high valley of the Verwall north-east above Ischl in the narrow valley of the Trisanna , the Paznaun. The two valley-side flanks of the Karkessel in particular drop off steeply: The Mutmanör is orographically to the left (from the valley to the right) at around 2600  m , the rocky summit above is 2723  m above sea level. A. high. The cat scratcher is on the right (left) on the slat head  ( 2454  m above sea level ).

These two relationships are the starting zones of avalanches that regularly through the lower valley of the Madleinbach going and Madleinlawine called (cadastral no. 7060805). If this avalanche is particularly powerful, it directly threatens the town of Ischgl ( 1376  m above sea level ), where the Madleinbach flows into the Trisanna. She then skips the Trisanna in the narrow valley floor and reaches the center of the village.

Another avalanche line from the Lattenkopf, the Bischgraben avalanche , goes down into the valley from the Lattenkopf. Out of the valley, the Inner Pfann separates Ischgl and Innerversahl from Versahl . These three avalanches narrow the settlement area of ​​the town, which is developing strongly due to tourism, to the north and west - together with the danger of flooding and mudslides from the Trisanna through the town and from the Fimbabach from the south, as the town is built on its alluvial cone .

The Paznaun, which is otherwise relatively protected by the northern Alps, is particularly affected by stormy congestion , which usually brings the snowfall over Vorarlberg. Usually the avalanches go off quite quickly on the steep slopes, but with a stable substructure, large amounts of snow in a short time and wind displacement , large avalanches can also form. Self-triggering then occurs either during the precipitation, but also with a subsequent foehn when the snow becomes heavy.

Damage events

Significant loss events are:

  • 1817, March 6th: the first officially registered harmful avalanche. An avalanche of dust covered several houses due to the air pressure, two burned down. The steeple of the parish church has been a bit crooked since then. In the following days, Innermathon and Unterschrofen were also hit. (After the year without a summer 1816, due to a volcanic eruption in Indonesia - a volcanic winter - the following winter was also very severe)
  • 1888, Mardi Gras Sunday: The house in Kichali was torn down to the ground floor.
  • 1951, January 20th: the Madleinbach Bridge destroyed. ( This avalanche winter claimed around 250 victims in the entire Alps)
  • 1952, February 10th 6:30 am: House Brosis in Kichali was completely destroyed by a dust avalanche .
  • 1984, February 9, 2:20 pm: The accumulated precipitation period was 170–270 cm. The Madlein relocated the main road, jumped over the parking garage and drove into the center of the village, where she reached the municipal road. In spite of the already existing partial construction, one person died. (The avalanche winter of 1984 claimed several lives in the Alpine region)

Other larger losses were in 1892, 1919 (long snowfalls due to southern weather December 23/24; otherwise heavy rain in Tyrol), 1935 (snowfalls January 31 - February 6, then foehn; numerous avalanches in Tyrol), 1939 (January), 1941 (January 23). In the avalanche winter of 1999 , with the disaster in Galtür and Valzur (February 23/24, in the municipality of Ischgl alone, around 40 avalanches went down into the valley), the Madlein avalanche was comparatively harmless.

Building

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The highly dangerous avalanche start zones were built in successively over 35 years. The entire free slope of the Mutmanör, from the tree line around 2000  m up to 2700  m , as well as the slightly less contributing front Katzenkrätzer at 2400  m , were provided with a partial construction in the form of steel snow bridges ("avalanche fences"). These barriers have an area of ​​4.7  hectares and a total run length of 14.14 km. There are also two avalanche dams below Mutmanör and a rockfall protection dam in the area of ​​the Jörgertal avalanche (the smaller avalanche out of the valley in front of the Inner Pfanntal). For ancillary work, 11 kilometers of access routes had to be built. A further 19.5 hectares were reforested with avalanche protection forest .

A total of 12.6 million euros was spent, 135,000 manual labor hours were incurred. The final approval took place on August 3, 2010. The project was entrusted by the regional construction management of the Upper Inntal torrent control ( die.wildbach ).

An  avalanche tunnel directly into the valley from Ischgl is planned for Silvrettastraße (B188).

literature

  • Erich Hanausek: Avalanche protection and tourism using the example of the Paznaun valley. In: Wald- und Holzwirtschaft 34 (9), 1986, pp. 21–24.
  • Gottfried Hagen: The torrent and avalanche protection in the Paznauntal. In: Österreichische Forstzeitung 99 (5), 1988, pp. 48–49.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j The "Madlein" is tamed - Ischgl: The Madlein avalanche was built in 35 years of work ( memento of the original from December 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Daniel Haueis in: Rundschau online, February 15, 2011.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rundschau.at
  2. ↑ Information according to TIRIS → Regional planning → Natural hazards → GZW - Avalanche danger zone ; the avalanche line itself can be displayed under the avalanche register (as of 1/2015).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Search Madlein and Ischgl , Tirol Atlas: Naturchronik Tirol , tirolatlas.uibk.ac.at (accessed December 28, 2014).
  4. ↑ a b Effect of temporary and permanent avalanche protection measures in winter 1999 Volume 1: Basic survey, IAN Report 121, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Alpine Natural Hazards (IAN), Vienna, December 2008, graphic Paznauntal Lawinen 1999, part 1 Galtür and Ischgl , P. 36 (pdf, baunat.boku.ac.at; number according to table 8 Name key for the avalanches from GBL Oberes Inntal, Paznauntal B , p. 39).
  5. ↑ Damage from this avalanche is known from 1945, 1951, 1961 and 1970, only affecting outbuildings or the street; Search Pischgraben , Tirol Atlas: Naturchronik Tirol , tirolatlas.uibk.ac.at (accessed December 28, 2014).
  6. ↑ Allgemeine Forstzeitung 1972, p. 176.
  7. ↑ a b c d Catastrophe Chronicle ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Voluntary Fire Brigade Ischgl, undated, section Avalanches 2 ff (pdf, feuerwehrischgl.info).  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.feuerwehrischgl.info
  8. ↑ Ingo E. Merwald, Wolfgang Schweighofer: The destructive avalanches in Austria in winter 1983/84 . In: Allgemeine Forstzeitung 95 (6), 1984, volume 223, pp. 169–172;
    Ingo Merwald: Avalanche events     and weather conditions in Austria. Winter 1982/83, 1983/84. Series FBVA reports 38, Vienna 1989, p 63 ff.
  9. ↑ Image search: Avalanches, protective structures, mudslides, permafrost etc. , thread on alpinforum.com, article Gletscherfloh April 28, 2005
  10. ↑ In most of these events, the much more frequent Pleißen avalanche between Ischgl and Mathon was the main avalanche; it is the reason why there is no settlement between these two places; Search Pleißen , tirolatlas.uibk.ac.at (accessed December 28, 2014).
  11. ↑ a b c d e f Madlein avalanche - completion of the avalanche barriers on Mutmanör and Katzenkrätzer . In: Schnerfr No. 40 / December 2010 , community newspaper Ischgl, p. 20 f (pdf, ischgl.tirol.gv.at).
  12. ↑ Günter Hepke: Avalanche protection structures on the B188 ( memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.galtuer.gv.at archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Report, Imst building district office (pdf, galtuer.gv.at).