Mahmoud Afschartus

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General Mahmud Afschartus

Mahmud Afschartus or Mahmoud Afshartius ( listen ? / I ; * 1908 in Tehran ; † April 24, 1953 ibid) was an Iranian general and police chief of Tehran under the government of Prime Minister Mossadegh . Mahmoud Afshartius was kidnapped on April 24, 1953 and brutally murdered. Audio file / audio sample

Life

Family origin

Hassan Khan 'Shebl al-Saltaneh'

Mahmud Afschartus came from an old Iranian aristocratic family related to the Qajars .

His father was Hassan Khan Afschartus (Qajar Qovanlū) Schebl as-Saltaneh the sixth son of Amir Isa Khan Vali Ehtescham ad Douleh , son of Amir Mohammad Ghasem Khan Qajar Qovanlū Amir Kabir and youngest brother of Mehdi Gholi Khan Amirsoleymani Majd ad -Douleh . Schebl as-Saltaneh was thus the youngest offspring of the famous and influential Qovanlū branch of the Persian ruling house of the Qajars and a maternal cousin of Naser ad-Din Shah . His career at court began as a personal adjutant (pers. Ağūdān-e hozūr-e homāyūnī ) of Naser ad-Din Shah, through whom he also received his title of nobility Schebl as-Saltaneh ("lion cub of the monarchy") and which he received on some trips accompanied. He later held various administrative posts, including that of governor over the Afşar tribe from the city of Tūs in the Iranian province of Khorasan . His mother's family came from there, and so he chose the family name "Afshar-Tus" or "Afschartus" when family names were legally introduced in Iran in 1930.

Mahmud Afschartus' mother was Banu Fatemeh Soltan Khanom. She came from a Kurdish-Persian tribal leader and official dynasty. Her father Agha Mirza Zaman Khan Kordestani had come to the court of Naser ad-Din Shah from Sanandaj in the Iranian province of Kordestān , where he became troop roll call master ( lashkar-nevis ) and married her mother Pari Soltan Khanom Pir-Bastami (Moayyeri), a niece of Naser ad-Din Shahs. Her brothers Agha Mirza Ali Akbar Khan Zarrinnaal Nasr-e Laschkar and Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Zarrinkafsh also made careers under the Qajar and later Pahlavi dynasty .

Mahmud Afschartus had six brothers (Khan-Khanha, Mohammad Sadegh, Mohammad Bagher, Morteza, Mostafa and Ali Afschartus) and two sisters (Akhtar as-Saltaneh and Banu Ozma Afschartus). The family married into both the Amirsoleymani and Zarrinkafsh families.

Mahmud Afschartus was related to the Pahlavi dynasty through Queen Turan Khanom Amirsoleymani (Qajar-Quvanlu) Qamar al-Moluk . Queen Turan was Reza Shah Pahlavi's third wife and the mother of Prince Gholam Reza Pahlavi; on the one hand related to Afschartus 'own father and on the other hand cousin of Afschartus' wife Fatemeh Bayat, who in turn was a great niece of Mossadegh.

Professional career

Afschartus entered the military as a young cadet after completing his schooling at the Nezam School and began studying at the Tehran Military Academy.

In 1936 he was introduced by General Karim Agha Khan Buzarjomehri Reza Shah Pahlavi, who appointed him administrator of the royal lands (amlak-e saltanati). After a promotion to the rank of general (sartip) he became head of an artillery corps.

Even after Reza Shah's abdication, Afschartus continued his military career and was appointed military governor of Tehran by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi .

On July 23, 1952, General Afschartus was appointed police chief by Prime Minister Mossadegh.

Kidnapping and murder

The exact circumstances of the death of Mahmud Afschartus have not yet been clarified. In the early 1950s, two political murders rocked Iran, the assassination of General Hajj Ali Razmara and the assassination of General Mahmoud Afschartus.

When Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh, the leader of the National Front , ruled by decree under an enabling law, a growing number of members of the Iranian parliament feared that the democratic gains achieved through the Constitutional Revolution would end in despotism. The parliamentary opposition was convinced that Mossadegh would ally with the communist Tudeh party in order to abolish the monarchy in Iran, that he himself would rule as president and that Iran would ultimately become a Soviet satellite state of the USSR , comparable to the satellite states of Eastern Europe. The MPs first turned to Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to depose Mossadegh. The Shah declared that the constitution gave him no means of doing this, as only parliament could withdraw confidence in the prime minister.

General Afschartus was kidnapped, tortured and strangled by Hossein Khatibi on April 20, 1953. After the death of Mahmud Afschartus, allegations were made that the coup plotters surrounding Zahedi had met in Mozaffar Baqai 's house and discussed the removal of Mossadegh's police chief. After his arrest, Khatibi claimed that documents had been found on Afschartus that were intended to order the arrest of all CIA agents in Iran. Baqai had always denied having anything to do with the kidnapping and murder of General Afshartu.

Individual evidence

  1. M. Eskadari-Qajar: Qovanlou Qajar Genealogy , in: The Qajar (Kadjar) Dynasty Pages [1] ; F. Barjesteh: "Mistaken Identities" , Appendix B, in: Journal of the International Qajar Studies Association , Vol. II, 2002, p. 111.
  2. A. Zarrinkafsch: "Transition of tribal nobility to Urban Elite" , in: Qajar Studies: Journal of International Qajar Studies Association ., Vol VIII, 2008, p 97 ff.
  3. A. Zarrinkafsch: The Zarrinkafsch ( Memento of the original from August 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zarrinkafsch-bahman.org archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Bahman-Qajar Webpage)
  4. B. Farman Farmaian: "Shirzan - The Lioness" , in: Qajar Studies: Journal of International Qajar Studies Association , Vol VIII, 2008 S. 129th.
  5. S. Farman-Farmaian: Schahsade's daughter , 1992, p 217th
  6. A. Milani: Eminent Persians , 2008, Volume 1, p 112th
  7. Iran: In a Persian Alley , May 4, 1953, Time accessed April 5, 2011

literature

  • Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn (Khosravani), LA Fereydoun: "Mistaken Identities: Anoushirvan (Shir) Khan (Qajar Qovanlu) 'Eyn ol-Molk' 'Etezad od-Doleh' and Prince Ali Qoli Mirza 'Etezad os-Saltaneh'" , in: Journal of the International Qajar Studies Association , Vol. II, Rotterdam 2002, pp. 91-150.
  • Eskadari-Qajar, Manoutchehr M .: Qovanlou Qajar Genealogy , in: The Qajar (Kadjar) Dynasty Pages [2]
  • Farman Farmaian, Bahman: "Shirzan - The Lioness. A Narrative Sketch of Princess Malek-Taj Qajar 'Najmeh os-Saltaneh'" , in: Qajar Studies: Journal of International Qajar Studies Association , Vol. VIII, Rotterdam 2008, p. 124 -147.
  • Sattareh Farman-Farmaian, Dona Munker: Shahsade's daughter. Life story of a woman in Iran , Zurich 1992.
  • Abbas Milani: Eminent Persians , Syracuse University Press, 2008, Volume 1.
  • Arian K. Zarrinkafsch (Bahman-Qajar): "Transition from Tribal Nobility to Urban Elite: the Case of the Kurdish Zarrinnaal Family" , in: Qajar Studies: Journal of International Qajar Studies Association , Vol. VIII, Rotterdam 2008, p. 97 -123.
  • Arian K. Zarrinkafsch (Bahman-Qajar): The Zarrinkafsch (Bahman-Qajar) Webpage [3]