Mako sharks
| Mako sharks | ||||||||||||
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Shortfin Mako ( Isurus oxyrinchus ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Isurus | ||||||||||||
| Rafinesque , 1810 |
The Mako Sharks or Makos ( Isurus ) are a genus of the mackerel sharks (Lamnidae), which includes the two species of the short-finned maco ( Isurus oxyrinchus ) and the long-finned maco ( Isurus paucus ). Mako sharks are common in the warm and temperate oceans around the world. The name mako comes from the Maori language .
features
Mako sharks are usually slim and reach a length of around two to four meters and a weight of 590 kg. Due to their special skin structure, they are very agile and reach speeds of up to 80 km / h.
The snout is blunt or tapered to a cone. The front teeth are curved and enlarged, with the front teeth of the lower jaw being larger than those of the upper jaw. The teeth are entire with a strongly curved base, especially in the front teeth. The total number of teeth is 43 to 54, these are distributed in 8 rows in each jaw and grow back from behind.
The first dorsal fin usually begins behind the end of the pectoral fins , the tips of which are sharply defined black on the underside. The trunk usually has a dark spot behind the pectoral fins. The anal fin sits behind the second dorsal fin. The Mako Shark is a very persistent swimmer, a marked specimen covered 2000 kilometers in 37 days.
Mating behavior
Mako sharks mate from late summer to early fall. The eggs are fertilized not in open water, but in the body of the female. Mako sharks belong to the species of viviparous shark. Cannibalism in the womb has been observed in both fertilized eggs and embryos . After a gestation period of around 1½ years, the female gives birth to between 5 and 25 young sharks.
The fully developed young animals are between 60 and 75 cm tall at birth . The sexual maturity reached males already 2 years that larger females grown only 6 years old.
Systematics
Molecular biological studies indicate that the maco sharks within the mackerel sharks are more closely related to the great white shark ( Carcharodon carcharias ) than to the porbeagle sharks and that the two genera separated in the Paleocene or Eocene .
species
- Short-finned Mako ( Isurus oxyrinchus rafinesque, 1810 )
- Long-finned Mako ( Isurus paucus Guitart Manday, 1966 )
Others
The design of the Corvette concept vehicle "Mako-Shark-II Show-Car" from 1961 is inspired by the appearance of a Mako shark. The skin structure of mako sharks is currently the subject of research in the development of aircraft coatings that reduce air resistance, as well as algae-repellent underwater coatings for ships. Among other things, the swimwear manufacturer Speedo also used the properties of the mako shark for its Fastskin product line .
literature
- LJV Compagno : Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalog of shark species known to date. Volume 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Species Catalog for Fishery Purposes No. 1, Vol. 2. FAO Rome 2001; Pages 98-107. ISBN 92-5-104543-7 ( Full PDF )
Web links
- Mako Sharks on Fishbase.org (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, 1989. sv mako, n¹
- ↑ a b c d e f Mako shark. In: VOX animals. Retrieved August 18, 2014 .
- ↑ Special skin structure: What makes the mako shark so agile. In: Spiegel Online . November 24, 2010, accessed August 18, 2014 .
- ↑ Andrew P. Martin: Systematics of the Lamnidae and the origination time of Carcharodon carcharias inferred from the comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences . In: A. Peter Klimley, David G. Ainley (Eds.): Great White Sharks: The Biology of Carcharodon Carcharias . Academic Press, San Diego 1998, ISBN 978-0-12-415031-7 , pp. 49-53 .
- ↑ http://www.fraunhofer.de/presse/presseinformationen/2010/05/innovativen-lack.jsp
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.curiocity.ca/everyday-science/sports/item/1001-sharks-in-the-pool.html?tmpl=component&print=1 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
