Manapa-Tarḫunta

Manapa-Tarḫunta (also Manaba-Tarḫunta or Manabatarḫunta , Luwian : " Tarhunt see him"), a king of was Seha -Flusslandes end of the 14th century BC. BC and beginning of the following century.

Manapa-Tarḫunta was the son of Muwawalwi and was expelled by his brothers after his death, whereupon Ura-Tarḫunta became king. He fled to the land of Karkiša and was then installed with the help of the Hittites of Arnuwanda II in his rule as king of Šeḫa. When Muršili II marched against Arzawa , Manapa-Tarḫunta took the side of Uḫḫaziti , the usurper of Arzawa. Only with great difficulty and at the request of his elderly mother did he manage to evade the punishment of Muršili after the submission of Arzawa, who finally swore him in as vassal king of Šeḫa.

From the so-called Manapa Tarḫunta letter ( CTH 191 ), which he wrote to Great King Muwatalli II. (Approx. 1294-1272 BC), it emerges that a Hittite army led by a certain Gaššu through his country or to passed this to get to Wiluša . Whether the reason for the military intervention was an action by the rebel Piyamaradu , e.g. B. an occupation of Wilusa is uncertain. Piyamaradu's activities are discussed in detail in the following text, but he is not mentioned in the paragraph on Wilusa, which is also separated from the following descriptions by a paragraph, at least his name has not been preserved. Although Manapa-Tarḫunta was obliged to provide troops as a vassal, he did not take part in this campaign and cites a serious illness as the reason in the letter. Manapa-Tarḫunta then reports of a severe humiliation by Piymaradu. From this a severe military defeat is sometimes deduced, which Manapa-Tarḫunta suffered against Piyamaradu, but the only thing that surely emerges from the text is that Piyamaradu prefers his (at least future) son-in-law Atpa from Millawanda to Manapa-Tarḫunta, atpa apparently at times de facto for the Determined ruler of the Šeḫa river country, to which Manapa-Tarḫunta had to submit. The letter also shows that Piyamaradu, with the support of Atpas, abducted Sarapitu , probably a priest or craftsman, from the island of Lazpa ( Lesbos ) , which belongs to Šeḫa , to Millawanda , according to Itamar Singer .

Manapa-Tarḫunta was finally deposed by Muwatalli. In his place, Manapa-Tarḫunta's son Mašturi was sworn in as the new vassal king of Šeḫa. However, the time of the change of the throne cannot be precisely determined. Beckman, Brye and Cline assume that Manapa-Tarḫunta was deposed soon after the letter was written by Muwatalli II because he had aged, failed to fulfill his duties (participation in the intervention in Wiluša) and now also described himself as seriously ill. However, Muwatalli needed a strong vassal king in this region.

literature

Susanne Hein hold Krahmer : Manapa- ^d U, Manapa-Tarḫunta. In: Dietz Otto Edzard (Hrsg.): Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Aräologie . Volume 7, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1987–1990, ISBN 3-11-010437-7 , pp. 332–446.
Harry A. Hoffner : Letters from the Hittite Kingdom. Society of Biblical Literature, Houston 2009, pp. 293-296 (Manapa-Tarhunta letter).

References and comments

↑ To a certain degree of caution with the interpretation (often represented in research) that Piyamaradu would have been the main actor in an attack on Wilusa, warns, among others, Trevor Bryce : The Trojans & Their Neighbors. Routledge, London - New York 2006, p. 184. This is not necessarily evident from the letter.
↑ Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer : Has the identity of Ilios with Wiluša been finally proven? in: Studi micenei ed egeo-anatolici. 45, 2004, p. 37.
^ Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier : Greece and Asia Minor in the late Bronze Age. The historical background of the Homeric epics. In: Michael Meier-Brügger (Ed.): Homer, interpreted by a large lexicon. Files from the Hamburg Colloquium from 6.-8. October 2010 at the end of the lexicon of the early Greek epic (= treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen. New series volume 21). De Gruyter, 2012, p. 165; Konstantinos Kopanias: Deconstructing Achilles. The Stories about Piyamaradu and the making of a Homeric Hero. In: Peter Pavúk, Věra Klontza-Jaklová, Anthony Harding (eds.): EUDAIMON. Studies in honor of prof. Jan Bouzek. Charles University Prague 2018, p. 59 (with further individual references). on-line
↑ That Atpa son was Piyamaradus goes beyond doubt only from the later dated Tawagalawa -Brief out
↑ so also Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce , Eric H. Cline : The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, p. 144
↑ cf., following this: Hoffner 2009, p. 294.
↑ Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer: On the dating history of the "Tawagalawa letter". In: Yoram Cohen, Amir Gilan, Jared L. Miller (Eds.): Pax Hethitica. Studies on the Hittites and Their Neighbors in Honor of Itamar Singer. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2010, p. 202.
^ Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce, Eric H. Cline: The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, p. 143.

personal data
SURNAME	Manapa-Tarḫunta
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Manaba-Tarḫunta; Manabatarḫunta; Manapatarḫunta
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	King of the Šeḫa river country
DATE OF BIRTH	14th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH	13th century BC Chr.

[1] To a certain degree of caution with the interpretation (often represented in research) that Piyamaradu would have been the main actor in an attack on Wilusa, warns, among others, Trevor Bryce : The Trojans & Their Neighbors. Routledge, London - New York 2006, p. 184. This is not necessarily evident from the letter.

[2] Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer : Has the identity of Ilios with Wiluša been finally proven? in: Studi micenei ed egeo-anatolici. 45, 2004, p. 37.

[3] Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier : Greece and Asia Minor in the late Bronze Age. The historical background of the Homeric epics. In: Michael Meier-Brügger (Ed.): Homer, interpreted by a large lexicon. Files from the Hamburg Colloquium from 6.-8. October 2010 at the end of the lexicon of the early Greek epic (= treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen. New series volume 21). De Gruyter, 2012, p. 165; Konstantinos Kopanias: Deconstructing Achilles. The Stories about Piyamaradu and the making of a Homeric Hero. In: Peter Pavúk, Věra Klontza-Jaklová, Anthony Harding (eds.): EUDAIMON. Studies in honor of prof. Jan Bouzek. Charles University Prague 2018, p. 59 (with further individual references). on-line

[4] That Atpa son was Piyamaradus goes beyond doubt only from the later dated Tawagalawa -Brief out

[5] so also Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce , Eric H. Cline : The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, p. 144

[6] ., following this: Hoffner 2009, p. 294.

[7] Susanne Heinhold-Krahmer: On the dating history of the "Tawagalawa letter". In: Yoram Cohen, Amir Gilan, Jared L. Miller (Eds.): Pax Hethitica. Studies on the Hittites and Their Neighbors in Honor of Itamar Singer. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2010, p. 202.

[8] Gary M. Beckman, Trevor R. Bryce, Eric H. Cline: The Ahhiyawa Texts (= Writings from the Ancient World 28). Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2011, p. 143.