Manley Ottmer Hudson

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hudson at the Permanent International Court of Justice (1945)

Manley Ottmer Hudson (born May 19, 1886 in Saint Peters, Missouri , † April 13, 1960 in Cambridge, Massachusetts ) was one of the most influential American lawyers in the field of international law in the first half of the 20th century . Among other things, he has worked as a professor at Harvard University , as a judge at the Permanent International Court of Justice , as a mediator in international conflicts and as a member of the International Law Commission of the United Nations . A medal of honor from the American Society for International Law and a professorship at Harvard University are named after him, and he has been nominated twice for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Life

Manley Hudson was born in Saint Peters, Missouri in 1886 and studied at William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri . He obtained a bachelor's degree (AB) in 1906 and a master's degree (AM) a year later . Further studies took him from 1906 to 1907 at Harvard University , where he obtained an LL.B. degree in 1910 and his doctorate in 1917 (SJD). He also received doctoral degrees from William Jewell College (1928, LL.D.), from the University of Missouri (1931, LL.D.), where he was Professor of Law from 1910, and from the University of Delaware ( 1934, DCL).

In 1919 he moved to Harvard University as a professor, where he was responsible for international law from 1923 to 1954 . Stays abroad as a visiting professor took him to the Hague Academy for International Law in 1925 , two years later to the University of Calcutta and in 1936 to the Geneva University Institute for International Studies . In addition, he worked as an advisor and member of various state and international bodies such as the legal department of the Secretariat of the League of Nations and as an assistant to the American State Department .

From 1924 Hudson was editor of the American Journal of International Law . In 1931 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . In 1933 he was appointed a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration based in The Hague and confirmed in this office in 1939. He also served as a judge at the Permanent International Court of Justice from 1936 until its dissolution in 1946, during which time he acted as the court's chronicler. From 1936 he belonged to the Institut de Droit international . In 1941 he was accepted into the American Philosophical Society . After the Second World War he worked from 1946 to 1952 as a consultant and lecturer in international law at Naval War College , an educational institution of the United States Navy based in Newport, Rhode Island . From 1949 to 1952 he was President of the American Society for International Law . He was also a member of the United Nations International Law Commission and was its first chairman.

Manley Hudson, who was married from 1930 and had two sons, retired in 1954. He died in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1960 . His written work, consisting of around 18,000 letters, notes, speech manuscripts and other documents, was given to the library of Harvard University by his widow in 1964, and he bequeathed his private collection of around 1,000 volumes of specialist literature on international law to the American Society for International Law. This awards him the Manley O. Hudson Medal for services in the field of international law. In addition, a professorship at the law school of Harvard University is named after him. In 1933 and 1951 he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. His successor at Harvard was Louis Bruno's son in 1961 .

Works (selection)

  • The Permanent Court of International Justice and the Question of American Participation. Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1925
  • Current International Cooperation. Calcutta University Press, Calcutta 1927
  • Progress in International Organization. Stanford University Press, Stanford 1932
  • By Pacific Means. Yale University Press, New Haven 1935
  • The Permanent Court of International Justice 1920-1942. Macmillan, New York 1943

literature

  • Biographical Notes concerning Members of the Court. Mr. Manley O. Hudson, Member of the Court. In: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Permanent Court of International Justice. AW Sijthoff's Publishing, Leiden 1937, p. 24
  • Erwin N. Griswold: Manley Ottmer Hudson. In: Harvard Law Review. 74 (2) / 1960. The Harvard Law Review Association, pp. 209-211, ISSN  0017-811X
  • Milton Katz: Manley Hudson and the Development of International Legal Studies at Harvard. In: Harvard Law Review. 74 (2) / 1960. The Harvard Law Review Association, pp. 212-214, ISSN  0017-811X
  • Julius Stone: Manley Hudson: Campaigner and Teacher of International Law. In: Harvard Law Review. 74 (2) / 1960. The Harvard Law Review Association, pp. 215-225, ISSN  0017-811X
  • Manfred Lachs : The Teacher in International Law: Teachings and Teaching. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague 1982, ISBN 90-247-2566-6 , pp. 100-101

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Member History: Manley O. Hudson. American Philosophical Society, accessed October 5, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Hudson, Manley Ottmer
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hudson, Manley
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American international lawyer, professor of international law and judge at the Permanent International Court of Justice
DATE OF BIRTH May 19, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Saint Peters, Missouri
DATE OF DEATH April 13, 1960
Place of death Cambridge, Massachusetts