Marcellina von Kuenburg
Marcellina Georgine Henriette Anna Countess von Kuenburg (born January 19, 1883 in Dresden , † August 19, 1973 in Munich ) was a German psychologist , child and youth therapist and alternative practitioner . It came from the Moravian line of those of Kuenburg .
Live and act
She grew up well protected, cared for by governesses and private tutors. Her father, Count Franz Seraphin von Kuenburg, managed the extensive family estates in Moravia and Lower Austria . The mother, Countess Henriette von Kuenburg, b. Scherr, was responsible for the management of the manorial house. At the age of 18, the young countess converted from evangel.-luth. Faith to the Roman Catholic Believe. At the age of 30, von Kuenburg decided to put an end to her life as a high daughter . As an external student she made up her Abitur in Vienna and then studied psychology and philosophy in Vienna and Munich. In 1920 she did her doctorate under Karl Bühler with an experimental study typical of the time. Its title is: About the ability to abstract and the emergence of relation in preschool children . The doctoral candidate a. a. also with the 4 year old daughter of her doctoral supervisor. Although the Countess herself carried out test procedures in her dissertation, she remained very skeptical of so-called "testologists" throughout her life. In particular, she criticized the quantitative methods for testing intelligence, as they were taught at the time in the training of auxiliary school teachers:
“For the curative educator, she thinks, it is of little use to know“ what degree ”of idiocy a child has, whether it is considered 2/3 or 3/4 intelligence. There are also many childhood defects without any actual intellectual disturbance; the read / write errors z. B. could have very different inner-psychological causes. If several failures are combined, the usual measuring methods ( Binet-Simon , Bobertag , Chotzen , Rossolimo , pulling ) would also not lead to the goal. The objections are not directed against the scientifically developed test items ... Energetically v. Kuenburg, on the other hand, that one sees only the “reduced intelligence” in the auxiliary schoolchild and gives information in the auxiliary school sheet only about light, medium and severe nonsense, “as if there weren't any ... mentally neglected, but intellectually healthy, none because of weakness and physical illness left behind ", no cases of partial performance disorders, no neuroses."
The Countess then worked in Munich as a specialist psychologist in private practice and in the care hospital for brain-injured war invalids , then from 1924 as a child and adolescent psychologist and speech therapist at the Munich Heckscher Neurological and Research Institute , known as the Heckscherklinik for short . She worked there until old age. She did not retire until 1966. From 1923 to 1944 she was co-editor and in the editorial team of the magazine for children's research, which was highly recognized at the time .
Von Kuenberg held back during the Nazi dictatorship. She did not join the party, neither of any National Socialist division, despite massive attempts by the Munich-Upper Bavaria Gauleitung to win her over to the National Socialist ideology. In 1939 von Kuenburg had submitted an application for the professional practice of medicine to the Gauleitung of the NSDAP, Munich 2 Prannerstrasse 20 , which was approved, especially since there were no political disadvantages against them .
In her publications and various lectures, von Kuenburg repeatedly emphasized that the nervous and handicapped children and adolescents should not only be left to the doctors and psychiatrists. Only the interaction of medicine, psychology and education can ensure therapeutic success .
The countess lived very withdrawn, only socialized in "fine society", for example in the house of Alfred Pringsheim and Thomas Mann .
In 1969 she received the Bavarian Order of Merit for her social commitment and her academic merits .
The countess was buried in Payerbach .
Works (selection)
- Ability to abstract and the emergence of relationships in pre-school children, Munich 1920
- On methodical investigations of congenital and acquired psychological defects with regard to the auxiliary school arch, in: Erwin Lesch (Ed.): Report on the second congress for curative education in Munich, Berlin 1925, p. 111 ff.
- On the difficulty of mental processes and on exclusion laws in the soul, in: Erwin Lesch (ed.): Report on the fifth congress for curative education in Cologne, Munich 1931, p. 120 ff.
- Artificial language structure and speech melody. On the pathology of language development, in: Monthly Psychiatrischer Neurologie (98) 1938, p. 168 ff.
literature
- Renate Jutz: The Heckscher Clinic from 1929 to 1989, Munich 1989
- Manfred Berger : Marcellina Countess von Kuenburg - your life and work. In: heilpaedagogik.de 2000 / H. 2, p. 13 ff.
- David Burgmaier: Marcellina Countess von Kuenburg - pioneer of child and adolescent psychiatry in Munich. A contribution to the history of child and adolescent psychiatry in Munich, Munich 2004
Individual evidence
- ↑ on the genealogy of the noble Kuenburg family see: Hannes P. Naschenweng: 800 years Kühnburg in Kärnten (1st part). The history of the castle and its owners 1189-1400 , in: Yearbook of the Heraldisch-Genealogische Gesellschaft 'Adler' 1988/92 , Vienna 1992, pp. 27–56
- ↑ cf. Burgmaier 2004, p. 38 ff.
- ↑ Kuenburg 1931, p. 7
- ↑ cf. Burgmaier 2004, p. 12
Web link
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kuenburg, Marcellina from |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Kuenburg, Marcellina Georgine Henriette Anna Countess von (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German psychologist, child and youth therapist and alternative practitioner |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 19, 1883 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dresden |
| DATE OF DEATH | 19th August 1973 |
| Place of death | Munich |