Maria Lipp

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Maria Lipp (born as Maria Bredt-Savelsberg ; born April 6, 1892 in Stolberg (Rhineland) , † December 12, 1966 in Aachen ) was a German chemist and first doctoral student, professor and professor at RWTH Aachen .

Live and act

Maria Lipp, the daughter of the married couple Carl and Maria Savelsberg from Stolberg, grew up as an adopted daughter with the chemist and privy councilor Julius Bredt from Aachen. Through her environment, she developed an affection for chemistry and decided to study this subject from 1913. In the male-dominated TH She was only the eighth matriculated student and after she had passed her diploma with distinction in 1917, the first woman at this university, which - just one year later - in 1918 her doctorate Dr. Ing. With the topic: " About secondary β-methylcamphor and 2-methylcamphoric acid ", again with distinction. Her adoptive father also acted as her doctoral supervisor. Then she was taken on as an assistant in the organic-chemical laboratory. Her main area of ​​work remained the chemistry of camphor and its derivatives as well as nitrogen-containing heterocycles . In 1923 she obtained her habilitation with a thesis on the " chemistry of hydroaromatic compounds, chemistry of camphor and terpenes ".

Maria Bredt, who has been married to the chemist and professor of organic chemistry Peter Lipp (1885–1947) since 1925 , was initially employed as a private lecturer and assistant to her husband after her habilitation. This was followed in 1924 and 1929 as a teaching post for color chemistry and, in the meantime, several study visits to Graz and Zurich and at the dyeing school of the University of Upper Alsace in Mulhouse . In 1938 she was given an extraordinary and, from 1943, a full professorship in organic chemistry at the RWTH. This made her the first female professor in the history of RWTH Aachen University, followed a few years later by the mineralogist Doris Schachner (1949).

As early as 1942 she received the Loyalty Service Medal for 25 years as an employee of the public service. In the last years of the Second World War her institute had to be outsourced like many other facilities of the TH and Maria Lipp tried together with her husband to keep the teaching and research operations up to date. However, he died in 1947.

After her return to Aachen and the resumption of regular work, Maria Lipp was confirmed as full professor in her chair on May 2, 1949 and elected dean of her faculty from 1954 to 1956 . She finally retired in 1960 and died six years later. In Bad Honnef she owned the villa at Hauptstrasse 6, inherited from her father . There she was buried like her husband in the old cemetery .

In 1962, Maria Lipp was awarded the Great Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for her services to the reconstruction of the institute and for her life's work. A street was named after her in the area of ​​Campus Melaten in Aachen.

Works (selection)

  • Maria Lipp, Richard Anschütz , Adolf Butenandt : Chemistry of carbon compounds or organic chemistry - Carbocyclic compounds, natural substances and free organic radicals ; Volume Two , First Half: Alicyclic Compounds and Natural Products , 1935
  • Representation of reactive compounds of the camphane system and experiments on their fluorination , Cologne: Westdt. Ed., 1957
  • Franz Dallacker, Karl-Werner Glombitza, Maria Lipp: Derivate des Methylendioxybenzols , IV. Reactions of 4,5-methylenedioxy-phthalaldehyde , in: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie , No. 643, 1961
  • Franz Dallacker, Karl-Werner Glombitza, Maria Lipp: Derivate des Methylendioxybenzols, V. About the synthesis of 4,5-Methylendioxyisophthalalkohols and about polymeric methylenedioxyphenyl connections , in: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, Nr. 643, 1961
  • Franz Dallacker, Jozef Thoma, Maria Lipp: Derivate des Methylendioxybenzols, X. Presentation and reactions of -hydroxy-ketones , in: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, No. 663, 1963
  • Franz Dallacker, Horst Pauling, Maria Lipp: About reactions of terebic acid , in: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, No. 663, 1963
  • Franz Dallacker, Klaus Ulrichs, Maria Lipp: Application of the Wittig reaction to bi- and tricyclic terpenes , in: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, No. 667, 1963

Literature and Sources

  • Roland Rappmann: The first doctorate of a woman , in: Exhibitions of the university library on the occasion of the 125th anniversary of the Technical University of Aachen. Documentation. Aachen 1996, pp. 40, 59.
  • Ulrich Kalkmann: The Technical University of Aachen in the Third Reich (1933–1945) . Verlag Mainz, Aachen 2003, ISBN 3-86130-181-4 , ( Aachener Studien zu Technik und Gesellschaft 4), (Simultaneously: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2003), p. 353 ff., Limited preview in the google book search.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Horst Heidermann : The Wuppertal villas and apartments - search for traces on the Rhine . In: Geschichte im Wuppertal , vol. 20, 2011, p. 34. ( online PDF ; 1.9 MB)
personal data
SURNAME Lipp, Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bredt-Savelsberg, Maria (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH April 6, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Stolberg (Rhineland)
DATE OF DEATH December 12, 1966
Place of death Aachen