Richard Anschütz

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Richard Anschütz, 1898

Carl Johann Philipp Noé Richard Anschütz (born March 10, 1852 in Darmstadt ; † January 8, 1937 there ) was a German chemist and professor.

Life

From 1870 he studied natural sciences, especially chemistry in Darmstadt, Heidelberg and Tübingen, and in 1874 he was awarded a Dr. phil. PhD . In the following year he became assistant to Kekulé and qualified as a professor ( on phenanthrene and a law of pyrocondensation ) in 1878. In 1882, Anschütz became a teaching assistant, in 1884 he became ao professor for organic chemistry in Bonn and, after Otto Wallach's departure, in 1889, conductor of the practical Exercises at the university laboratory . In 1887 he became a member of the Leopoldina Scholars' Academyelected. After Kekulé's death in 1896, Anschütz became his successor at Bonn University on April 1, 1898. There he was director of the institute and full professor of chemistry until 1922 ( retirement ). In 1915/16 he was the rector of the university. In 1906 he was in Aberdeen for Dr. jur. e. H. also appointed Dr.-Ing. e. H. at the Technical University in Darmstadt . Since 1935 he was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh .

Anschütz supervised 100 doctoral students in his career.

He edited the textbook on organic chemistry by V. Richter. The textbook on organic chemistry by Anschütz-Richter was one of the most important textbooks for organic chemistry for many years.

Richard Anschütz is the father of Ludwig Anschütz (1889–1954), a former professor of organic chemistry at the German Technical University in Brno .

Scientific work

Maleic and fumaric acids

At Kekulé, Anschütz initially dealt with the unsaturated carboxylic acids fumaric acid and maleic acid . So far only the esters of fumaric acid were known. However, it was known that the salts of fumaric acid and maleic acid had different physical properties (melting points). Anschütz recognized that small traces of iodine in the reaction of maleic acid salts with ethyl iodide were sufficient to achieve a rearrangement to fumaric acid esters. By excluding iodine, Anschütz was able to produce pure ethyl maleate. S. Tanatar obtained a dioxo acid by oxidizing fumaric acid with potassium permanganate. Anschütz and Kekulé proved that the resulting acid was the optically active tartaric acid . When maleic acid was reacted with potassium permanganate , the optically inactive meso-tartaric acid was obtained. Anschütz was now interested in the chemical constitution of maleic acid, fumaric acid, optically active and optically inactive tartaric acid. He showed that in optically active tartaric acid there is no intermolecular bond between two tartaric acid molecules, but that the tartaric acid is only present as a salt of two optically active tartaric acid molecules. (Evidence as diacetyl methyl ester by vapor pressure). Acetyl chloride was used to make acid anhydrides in the syntheses . He later summarized his results on the stereochemistry of fumaric acid and maleic acid.

Oxalic acid

For the production of oxalic anhydride, Anschütz heated the oxalic acid to 100 ° C; this resulted in elimination of water with anhydride formation. Anhydrous oxalic acid was found to be a good condensing agent for chemical reactions. Alkyloxalic acid was formed on exposure to alcohol. By conversion with phosphorus pentachloride and distillation, he obtained alkyloxalic acid chlorides in addition to dichlorooxalic acid ester. After reaction with sodium ethoxide, the tetraalkyloxy ester could be prepared from the dichloro oxalic acid ester .

Others

The "Claisen attachment" is a laterally extended "Anschütz attachment" with standardized glass cuts.

Phenanthrenequinone could be produced by oxidation of phenanthrene . In the absence of alkali, the diphenic acid could be produced by further oxidation with potassium permanganate . Under the influence of bases, however, the diphenylene ketone ( fluorenone ) was formed.

In his working group, an anthracene preparation from benzene, aluminum trichloride and tetrabromoethane was found by means of Friedel-Crafts alkylation , which is also known as the Anschütz anthracene synthesis . 9,10-dimethylanthracene could be prepared with 1,1-dichloroethane, benzene and aluminum trichloride . Replacing benzene with toluene or xylene gave polyalkylated anthracene.

Anschütz also investigated the effects of phosphorus tri- and phosphorus pentachloride on phenols . Distillable phosphoric acid esters were sometimes obtained.

In 1896 the structure of tartrazine was determined .

Numerous laboratory devices were further developed by him; The so-called Anschütz attachment (two-neck attachment according to Anschütz) and the advance according to Anschütz-Thiele are still used in many ways .

Publications

As an author

  • August Kekulé . Volume 1: Life and Work. Verlag Chemie, Berlin 1929
  • August Kekulé. Volume 2: Treatises, reports, reviews, articles, speeches. Verlag Chemie, Berlin 1929
  • The importance of chemistry for the world war. Cohen, Bonn 1915
  • together with Thomas Carnelly / August Friedrich Karl Himly / G. Schultz: To determine the melting point. In: Journal for Analytical Chemistry. (Springer (Ed.)), December 1, 1878, pp. 468-471

As editor

  • Josef Loschmidt : Constitutional formulas of organic chemistry in graphic representation. W. Engelmann, Leipzig 1913
  • Viktor Richter: Chemistry of carbon compounds or organic chemistry. 2 volumes, Geest & Portig, Leipzig 1949

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ shaper RSE Fellows 1783-2002. Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed October 6, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Otto-Albrecht Neumüller (Ed.): Römpps Chemie-Lexikon. Volume 1: A-Cl. 8th revised and expanded edition. Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-440-04511-0 , p. 218.
  3. ↑ F. Krollpfeiffer: Ludwig Anschütz , Chemical Reports 90 ( 1957 ) XV − XVIII.
  4. ^ Reports of the German Chemical Society 12 , 2280 (1879).
  5. ^ Reports of the German Chemical Society 13 , 2150 (1880).
  6. ^ Reports of the German Chemical Society 14 , 2150 (1881).
  7. ^ Reports of the German Chemical Society, 14 , 2789 (1881).
  8. ↑ Liebigs Ann. Chem. 247 , 111 (1888).
  9. ↑ Liebigs Ann. Chem. 226 , 1 (1884).
  10. ↑ Dear. Ann. Chem. 239 , 161 (1887).
  11. ↑ Liebigs Ann. Chem. 254 , 168 (1889).
  12. ^ Reports of the German Chemical Society 17 1078 (1887).
  13. ^ Reports of the German Chemical Society 10 , 21 (1877).
  14. ^ Reports of the German Chemical Society 10 , 323 (1877).
  15. ^ Reports of the German Chemical Society 16 , 623 (1883).
  16. ^ Reports of the German Chemical Society 17 , 165 (1884).
personal data
SURNAME Anschütz, Richard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Anschütz, Carl Johann Philipp Noé Richard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH March 10, 1852
PLACE OF BIRTH Darmstadt
DATE OF DEATH January 8, 1937
Place of death Darmstadt