Marianne (stamp series)

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Presentation of the competing designs for the "Marianne des Français" edition on the facade of the Palais Bourbon in summer 2004. The winning design stands out from the others due to its larger representation.

The French national figure and the allegory of the French Revolution Marianne is the motif of several stamp series that have been published since 1944. What they have in common is the representation of a woman's head, mostly with a Phrygian cap , which the female figures on the stamps of the older models Blanc, Mouchon and Säerin also wear. Specifically, these are the following issues, which are named after the designer, additional motifs or other characteristics of the issue circumstances:

expenditure

  1. Marianne d'Alger or Marianne de Fernez (1944–1945): These stamps were commissioned by the CFLN in Algiers . Designed by Louis Fernez and engraved by Charles Hervé, they show a woman's head with a Phrygian cap in profile to the right, additionally wreathed with an olive branch , on a colored background between branch ornaments in the frame.
  2. Marianne de Dulac or Marianne de Londres (1944–1947): This edition was commissioned by the British government in 1942 at the request of Charles de Gaulle . The designer and engraver was Edmond Dulac . The stamps show the profile of a woman's head with a Phrygian cap to the left between ornaments in the frame, top left “RF” and a Lorraine cross top right . Since the value levels were based on the tariffs of 1942, but these had changed in the meantime and after the liberation of Paris the printing of the pre-war series "Iris" could be resumed, this series was used less than others.
  3. Marianne de Gandon (1945–1955): Charles de Gaulle selected a design by Pierre Gandon. The stamps were engraved by Henri Cortot and show a woman's head with a Phrygian cap with an energetic facial expression, diagonally from the front right. Gandon's wife Jacqueline served as a model.
  4. Marianne de Muller (1955–1961): Designed by Louis-Charles Muller and engraved by Jules Piel, these stamps show a woman's head with a laurel wreath in profile, facing a stylized sun to the right.
  5. Marianne à la nef (with the ship) (1959–1961): The design is by Andrée Regagnon, the engraving by Jules Piel. The stamps show Marianne standing at the bow of a ship (a so-called Nef). Only two values ​​at 25 old francs and (after the currency reform in 1960) 25 new centimes were printed; they corresponded to the fee for a simple domestic letter at that time.
  6. Marianne de Decaris (1960–1965): The only value of this issue of 25 centimes (fee for a simple domestic letter until 1965, then for a domestic postcard) was designed by Albert Decaris and engraved by Jules Piel. It shows a woman's head without a cap or other headdress at an angle from the front left, printed in gray against a wine-red background.
  7. Marianne de Cocteau (1961–1967): The design by Jean Cocteau , engraved by Albert Decaris, shows a line drawing of a woman's head with a Phrygian cap in profile to the left against a background of French flags. Only a value of 0.20 F appeared, which was used for domestic postcards until 1965 and then for domestic printed matter.
  8. Marianne de Cheffer (1967–1971): Designed by Henry Cheffer and engraved by Claude Durrens, these stamps show a woman's head with a wreath of ears in profile to the left on a colored background. In this edition, the identification colors green and red were introduced for non-urgent and normal urgent shipments.
  9. Marianne de Béquet (1971–1978): These stamps, designed by Pierre Béquet, show a comparatively small profile of Marianne with a Phrygian cap to the left on a colored background, but very large numerals so that the value of the postage could be recognized more easily when the fee changes .
  10. Marianne de Briat or Marianne du Bicentenaire (1989–1999): From the designs submitted in 1989, President François Mitterrand selected the one by Louis Briat, which was implemented by the engraver Claude Jumelet. The stamps show a computer-generated portrait of Marianne with a cockade on the Phrygian cap, three vertical stripes are reminiscent of the French flag. Since the eyes are in the shadows and thus appear blind, the design was coldly received by the public.
  11. Marianne de Luquet or Marianne du 14 juillet (1997–2005): Eve Luquet's design was selected in 1996 by a jury and President Jacques Chirac and implemented by Claude Jumelet. Marianne, again with a cockade on her Phrygian cap, is shown diagonally from the front left, with the words "liberté / égalité / fraternité" in cursive above her head. Brands of this pattern appear with the national names “République Française” and “RF”. During the term of this series, the currency was changed from francs to euros . This is also reflected in the value levels that have appeared.
  12. Marianne de Lamouche or Marianne des Français (2005–2008): President Chirac selected a design by Thierry Lamouche, which shows Marianne's head in profile turned to the top right and growing out of leaves like a flower. The cockade also looks like a flower. The head image is accompanied by two stylized birds. This design was also engraved by Claude Jumelet.
  13. Marianne de Beaujard or Marianne et l'Europe (2008–2013): On the occasion of the French presidency of the EU , beginning in 2008, a competition for a new Marianne motif was announced in 2007 at the instigation of President Nicolas Sarkozy . The adopted design by Yves Beaujard, who is also the engraver of the brands, shows in a more classic manner the head image with a cap, but without further badges, turned to the left with fluttering hair, surrounded by five-pointed stars.
  14. Marianne de la Jeunesse or Marianne de Ciappa et Kawena (since 2013): In March 2013, President François Hollande announced the selection of a design by Olivier Ciappa and David Kawena. Marianne is shown in the portrait with her head turned slightly to one side, a Phrygian cap with a cockade and a hand raised at chin level. Controversy arose because the brand image - apart from comics , mangas and various women's faces - was inspired, according to one of the designers, by images of the political activist Inna Shevchenko , which the other designer denies. Most of the stamps in this issue show the silhouettes of two ball-playing children at the bottom right, but the stamp for "Lettres verts" (non-urgent letters) a tree and the stamp for "Lettres en ligne" (letters electronically sent to the post office for delivery) an at symbol .
  15. Marianne l'engagée (since 2018): President Emmanuel Macron selected the design by the French-English artist Yseult Digan, which came second in a shortlist. The picture is supposed to represent a "determined, energetic, 21st century rooted" Marianne. The first brands of the new series were sold on July 23, 2018. The depiction of a woman's head in profile turned to the right with lively curls flowing out from under the Phrygian cap, reminiscent of a Gorgon head, was viewed by the post as an expression of feminism, which, however, was criticized from a historical and feminist point of view and rather as an "arch-classical representation of the radical Marianne "is called.
Painting "The Sabine women rush between the fronts"
French postage stamps: The top line as well as the third and fourth show various stamps from the Marianne issues, the second line some stamps from the “La Liberté de Gandon” issue.

In addition, the editions “Sabine de Gandon” (1977–1981) with the head image of Hersilia from the painting “The Sabine Women Rush Between the Fronts” by Jacques-Louis David and “La Liberté de Gandon d'après Delacroix” (1981– 1989), which shows the head of the figure of freedom wearing a Phrygian cap, based on the painting " Freedom leads the people " by Eugène Delacroix , should also be included. Both are works by the designer of the 1945–1955 edition.

It has become common practice that after each election of a President , a new model for the postage stamps is selected from the proposals submitted.

Brands without indication of value

Since the 1990s, these series of postage stamps have been issued without any indication of value, which by their color indicate the intended use for individual franking for which they are permanently valid. In the case of mixed postage, they will be credited to the current sales price. Initially, this only affected the red stamps for simple letters and postcards of normal urgency ( Prioritaire ). Later stamps with no value were also published in green for less urgent items ( Écopli / Économique ) and in blue for items to the European Union and Switzerland .

Web links

Commons : Marianne on stamps  - collection of images, videos and audio files

proof

  1. ↑ Timbro-fiche n ° 134, in: Timbroloisirs No. 105, May 15 - June 15, 1998, p. 79
  2. ↑ Olivier Ciappa: Le nouveau timbre Marianne: autopsie d'une fausse polémique . In: Le Monde , July 19, 2013. 
  3. ^ Alexander Rousset: Macron dévoile les nouveaux timbres à l'effigie de Marianne . In: Les Echos . Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. 
  4. ↑ Aude Lorriaux: La nouvelle Marianne n'est pas féministe . In: Slate.fr .