Marianne

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Bust of Marianne with a Phrygian cap in a French school.

Marianne is the national figure of the French Republic . The name Marianne can stand as a (personified national) allegory for the French nation .

During the French Revolution , Marianne - until then just a name widely used by the people - became a symbol of freedom and thus also of the French Republic. So she succeeded Francia (or Gallia), the allegory of the Kingdom of France, which accompanied the French king in courtly pictorial representations. In pictures of Marianne, her head is usually covered with the Phrygian cap , usually one or even both breasts uncovered. The glorification of freedom that Eugène Delacroix painted in the July Revolution of 1830 is famous . Marianne adorns practically all French town halls as a bust , and many places as a statue (for example the Place de la Nation and the Place de la République in Paris ). Marianne symbolizes the French nation on postage stamps , coins (1, 2 and 5 cents) and other objects. The first written mention of the name Marianne as a designation for the French Republic dates from October 1792 in Puylaurens in the Tarn department . At that time the song "La garisou de Marianno" (French: La guérison de Marianne - "Marianne's recovery") by the poet Guillaume Lavabre was sung in the Provencal dialect .

The bust of Marianne is made from time to time, changing and regularly based on the model of prominent French women and exhibited in the local town halls:

literature

  • Maurice Agulhon: Marianne au combat. L'imagerie et la symbolique républicaines de 1789 à 1880. Flammarion, Paris 1979, ISBN 2-08-210955-0 .
  • Maurice Agulhon: Marianne au pouvoir. L'imagerie et la symbolique républicaines de 1880 à 1914. Flammarion, Paris 1989, ISBN 2-08-211191-1 .

Web links

Commons : Marianne  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Thomas Lau : "Stepbrothers". Nation and denomination in Switzerland and Europe (1656–1712), Cologne et al. 2008, pp. 169-173.
  2. Les symboles de la République (The symbols of the republic) In: politique.net (in French).