Marie Anne Lenormand
Marie-Anne Adélaïde Lenormand (born May 27, 1772 in Alençon , Lower Normandy , † June 25, 1843 in Paris ), occasionally. Marie-Anne Le Normand , was a French fortune teller and card reader (formerly also: Kartenschlägerin , see also operetta: " Die Kartenschlägerin " by Franz von Suppè ). It gave its name to the so-called Lenormand cards .
Life
Born into a merchant family, Lenormand was raised by Benedictine women in a convent school in her hometown. She was particularly interested in languages, music, painting and literature. In addition, and much to the displeasure of the nuns, she also occupied herself with fortune-telling. When Marie-Anne Lenormand predicted the abbess's dismissal in 1781 and that prediction came true, she was expelled from school.
In 1790 Lenormand settled in Paris and three years later, together with a fortune teller named Madame Gilbert, he was able to set up his own fortune telling bureau . An arrest by the welfare committee didn't harm her, it only made her better known. From 1797 she lived in the Rue de Tournon, where she did fortune-telling professionally and had customers from all walks of life.
In 1803 and 1809, Marie-Anne Lenormand was charged with high treason and ended up in prison, but the charges did not appear to have been very serious as she was briefly detained on both occasions.
In the following years Marie-Anne Lenormand became more and more famous, even the French Empress Joséphine and the Emperor of Russia Alexander I , whom she visited at the Aachen Congress in 1818, consulted her.
After the death of the heir to the throne on February 14, 1820 and the associated change in the policy of Louis XVIII. many political opponents emigrated to Brussels, among them Marie Anne Lenormand. She was also arrested in Brussels, this time on charges of espionage. Marie-Anne Lenormand appealed several times, but they were always rejected. It was not until some of her supporters put public pressure on a new hearing, this time the verdict was witchcraft , but Marie Anne Lenormand was released from prison.
In 1830, after the July Revolution , Marie-Anne Lenormand withdrew into her private life and only laid the cards for her friends and enjoyed her wealth.
She died on June 25, 1843 of a doctor's malpractice.
The two Marie-Anne Lenormands
According to the birth register of Alençon there are two entries: on September 16, 1768 and on May 27, 1772. On both days a Marie-Anne Lenormand was born in Alençon. In 1768, however, it was Marie-Anne's sister, a baby who died a few hours after birth. Marie-Anne Lenormand's mother Anne-Marie Gilbert named her second girl Marie-Anne, according to the old superstition that the soul of her dead daughter would live on in this girl if she were given the same name as the dead child. The fortune teller Marie-Anne Lenormand was born on May 27, 1772.
Lenormand cards
The fortune telling cards known as Lenormand cards are named after her, but they were not used by her in their current form. She very likely used the decks of Jean-François Alliette , artist name: Etteilla ("Alliette" backwards) , to lay cards . He called himself the “inventor of the card reading” and, despite all odds , published his book Etteilla, ou manière de se récréer avec un jeu de cartes in 1791 and designed his “Petit Etteilla” deck, which was a popular fortune telling deck at the time France was and Lenormand was thus available.
The name "Lenormand" was used for some Kartomantie sheets after her death. One of the games was the Petit Lenormand with 36 illustrated cards, which is still popular today. The motifs of the cards go back to the game of hope, developed around 1799 by Johann Kaspar Hechtel von Nürnberg .
Works
- Les souvenirs prophétiques d'une sibylle sur les causes secrétes de son arrestation - Paris (1814) (592 pages)
- Anniversaire de la mort de l'impératrice Josephine (1815)
- La sibylle au tombeau de Louis XVI (1816)
- Les oracles sibyllins ou la suite des souvenirs prophétiques - Paris (1817) (528 pages)
- La sibylle au congrès d'Aix-la-Chapelle (1819) (316 pages)
- Mémoires historiques et secrets de l'impératrice Joséphine, Marie-Rose Tascher-de-la-Pagerie, première épouse de Napoléon Bonaparte - Paris (1820) (Volume 1:? / Volume 2: 556 pages)
- Mémoire justificatif présenté par Mlle Le Normand (1821) (20 pages)
- Cri de l'honneur (1821) (18 pages)
- Souvenirs de la Belgique - Cent jours d'infortunes où le procès mémorable (1822) (416 pages)
- L'ange protecteur de la France au tombeau de Louis XVIII (1824)
- L'ombre immortelle de Catherine II au tombeau d'Alexandre Ier (1826)
- L'ombre de Henri IV au palais d'Orléans (1830) (107 pages)
- Le petit homme rouge au château des Tuileries - Paris (1831) (107 pages)
- Manifests des dieux sur les affaires de France (1932) (60 pages)
- Arrêt suprême des dieux de l'Olympe en faveur de Mme. La duchesse de Berry et de son fils (1833) (144 pages)
Alleged author of
- Histoire de Jean VI. de Portugal, depuis sa naissance jusqu'à sa mort en 1826 . - Paris: Ponthieu, 1827
literature
Biographies
- Francis Girault: Mlle Le Normand: sa biography, ses prédictions extraordinaires et la chiromancie et la cartomancie expliquées par la pythonisse du XIX siècle . - Paris 1843
- Louis Du Bois: De Mlle Le Normand et de ses deux biographies récemment publiées Paris, Chez France, 1843, 20 pages
- Hortensius Flamet (1843)
- Narcisse H. Cellier Du Fayel: La vérité sur Mme Le Normand - Paris, Tresse, 1845
- Eugène Guinot: in the most complete and only correct fortune-telling art of the most famous fortune-teller in the world Mlle. Lenormand Volume 2, 3rd edition - Verlag des Literatur- und Kunst-Comptoirs, Berlin, 1860
- Alfred Marquiset: La celébre Mlle Lenormand - Paris, 1911
- Ludwig Rosenberger: Lenormand - Die Sybille von Paris - Bietigheim, Karl Rohm Verlag, 1971
- Dicta Dimitriadis: Mademoiselle Lenormand - Voyante de Louis XVI à Louis-Philippe - Verlag L'Harmattan, 2000 ISBN 2-7384-7254-0 , 255 pages
- Dicta Dimitriadis (German translation, research and editing by Kornelia Igges): Marie-Anne Lenormand Portrait of a Famous Seer - Cascada Verlag, 2006 ISBN 3-9810874-4-5 , 355 pages
Individual evidence
- ↑ Detlef Hoffmann, Erika Kroppenstedt: fortune-telling cards: a contribution to the history of occultism . German Playing Cards Museum, Bielefeld 1972, pp. 17, 21.
- ^ Freeman Marius O'Donoghue: Catalog of the Collection of Playing Cards Bequeathed to the Trustees of the British Museum by the late Lady Charlotte Schreiber . British Museum , London 1901.
- ↑ Ronald Decker, Thierry Depaulis, Michael Dummett: A Wicked Pack of Cards: The Origins of the Occult Tarot . Gerald Duckworth and Company, London 1996, ISBN 9780715627136 , pp. 141, 282.
- ↑ Humorous sheets for head and heart . Gustav Philipp Jakob Bieling, Nuremberg 1799.
- ^ Georg Andreas Will, Christian Conrad Nopitsch: Nürnbergisches Gelehrten-Lexicon: Sixth Part of HM 1805.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Lenormand, Marie Anne |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Lenormand, Marie Anne Adélaide; Le Normand, Anne Marie Adélaide |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French fortune teller |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 27, 1772 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Alençon , Lower Normandy |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 25, 1843 |
| Place of death | Paris |