Mario Schenberg
Mário Schenberg (also Schönberg) (born July 2, 1914 in Recife ; † November 10, 1990 in São Paulo ) was a Brazilian theoretical physicist, art critic and writer.
Schenberg studied in Recife and São Paulo, graduating in electrical engineering in 1935. A year later, he received a degree in mathematics and a degree in physics, where he was influenced by the Italian physicist Gleb Wataghin . In 1939 he went to Europe to see Enrico Fermi in Rome, Wolfgang Pauli in Zurich and Frédéric Joliot-Curie in Paris. In 1940 he went to the USA on a Guggenheim scholarship to study with George Gamow at the University of Washington , was at the Institute for Advanced Study and with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar at the Yerkes Observatory near Chicago. In 1942 he returned to Brazil and in 1944 became a professor in São Paulo. In 1948 he was in Brussels for five years, where he worked in Giuseppe Occhialini's research group for cosmic radiation and came into contact with Ilja Prigogine . 1953 to 1961 he headed the physics faculty in São Paulo. During this time, the first computer was installed at the University of São Paulo and an institute for solid state physics was founded. He was also active in the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) from the 1950s , where he worked with Jorge André Swieca , among others . During the military dictatorship he lost his professorship in São Paulo in 1969, to which he did not return until 1979.
He is known for contributions to astrophysics, for example nuclear reactions in the run-up to supernovae ( Urca process ) or the Schönberg-Chandrasekhar limit value for the mass of a star that is still stable against collapse after the hydrogen fusion fuel has been consumed.
During David Bohm's stay in Brazil in the 1950s, he worked with him on alternatives to the usual interpretation of quantum mechanics . He also explored geometric algebras for possible applications in the formalism of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.
His students included José Leite Lopes , Jayme Tiomno and Herch Moysés Nussenzveig .
From 1979 to 1981 he was President of the Sociedade Brasileira de Física (Brazilian Society for Physics).
Since he was a member of the Communist Party of Brazil (PCB) and active for it in the politics of the state of São Paulo (since the 1940s), he ran into problems during the military dictatorship. He was elected twice as a member of the State of São Paulo, first to the Constituent Assembly in 1946 and again in 1962. He was arrested in 1964, but released under political pressure from foreign scholars.
He also emerged as an art critic and theorist, collector and curator for the period from Brazilian Concretismo to the Neo-Realistas.
From 2009 his Collected Scientific Works were published in São Paulo, the first volume of the Obra científica de Mário Schönberg , edited by Amélia Império Hamburger, contains writings from 1936 to 1948 and was awarded the Prêmio Jabuti 2010.
He was married to Julieta Bárbara Guerrini, the former wife of the poet Oswald de Andrade , and to the sculptor Lourdes Cedran. He had a daughter, Ana Clara Guerrini Schenberg, a geneticist.
A spherical gravitational wave detector at the University of São Paulo is named after him.
literature
- Sergio Cohn (Ed.): Mário Schenberg . Azogue, Rio de Janeiro 2011, ISBN 978-85-7920-051-9 (Portuguese).
- Alecsandra Matias de Oliveira: Schenberg. Crítica e criação . EdUSP, São Paulo 2011, ISBN 978-85-314-1205-9 (Portuguese).
- José Luiz Goldfarb: Voar tambem e com os homens. O pensamento de Mario Schenberg . EdUSP, São Paulo 1994, ISBN 85-314-0221-2 (Portuguese).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The name comes from George Gamow after a casino in Rio, alluding to a remark by Schenberg that the energy in the predecessor star of the Supernova disappears as quickly as money in a casino. The CBPF was also in Urca.
- ^ Darling Encyclopedia of Science
- ↑ Schönberg, Chandrasekhar On the Evolution of the Main-Sequence Stars , Astrophysical Journal, Volume 96, 1942, p. 161
- ↑ Mario Schenberg. In: Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural , Portuguese, accessed July 18, 2016.
- ↑ Prêmio 2010 ( Memento of the original dated December 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed July 18, 2016.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schenberg, Mário |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Schoenberg, Mario |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Brazilian physicist, art critic and author |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 2, 1914 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Recife |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 10, 1990 |
| Place of death | São Paulo |