Martha Liebermann

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Anders Zorn, portrait Martha Liebermann, 1896

Martha Liebermann (* October 8, 1857 as Martha Marckwald in Berlin ; † March 10, 1943 ibid) was the wife of the painter Max Liebermann . Her grave slab shows her birth year 1858 . She committed suicide the day before her planned deportation to the Theresienstadt concentration camp .

Life

Until he married Max Liebermann

Martha Liebermann was the fourth child of Ottilie and Heinrich Benjamin Marckwald, who ran a wool store in Berlin. She grew up with four siblings in the affluent circumstances of a Jewish merchant family in Berlin. After the death of Martha Liebermann's father in 1870, Louis Liebermann, the father of Max Liebermann, became the guardian of the Marckwald children.

Two marriages resulted from the union of the Marckwald and Liebermann families. First, Martha Liebermann's older sister Elsbeth married Max Liebermann's older brother Georg. Martha and Max Liebermann married on September 14, 1884.

As the wife of Max Liebermann

In August 1885, Käthe Liebermann, Martha and Max Liebermann's only child, was born. In 1892 the family moved to the second floor of the Liebermann family's palace at 7 Pariser Platz .

Martha Liebermann developed breast cancer in 1904. After James Israel , chief physician of the Jewish hospital, operated on Martha Liebermann, she overcame the disease. In 1910 the family moved into the summer house built by Paul Baumgarten at Wannsee , the Liebermann Villa .

Family grave of the Liebermanns in the Jewish cemetery Schönhauser Allee

After the death of Max Liebermann

On February 8, 1935, Max Liebermann died in the house on Pariser Platz. In the same year Martha Liebermann moved into an apartment at Graf-Spee-Straße 23 (today: Hiroshimastraße ) in the neighboring Tiergarten district. As a result of the persecution of Jews in National Socialist Germany, Martha Liebermann lost her two houses on Pariser Platz and Wannsee over the years, as well as almost all of her assets.

After the November pogroms of 1938 , Martha Liebermann's daughter, Käthe, left Germany with her daughter and her husband Kurt Riezler and emigrated to the USA. From 1941 Martha Liebermann also tried to travel to Switzerland or Sweden. The emigration failed because of the high financial demands of the National Socialists, who tried to extort foreign currency from their foreign helpers at the expense of the widow of the world-famous painter Max Liebermann.

On the morning of March 5, 1943, when a detective wanted to pick Martha Liebermann to be transported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, she was in a coma. She had overdosed on veronal to avoid deportation. She died on March 10th in the Jewish Hospital Berlin .

Since the Jewish cemetery at Schönhauser Allee , where her husband is buried, was confiscated by the National Socialists, Martha Liebermann was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Berlin-Weißensee . On May 11, 1954, she was transferred to the Jewish cemetery at Schönhauser Allee and buried next to her husband.

memory

Stumbling block Martha Liebermann at Pariser Platz 7

A stumbling block in front of the Max Liebermann House on Pariser Platz is dedicated to Martha Liebermann .

literature

  • Bernd Schmalhausen : “I'm just a painter”. Max and Martha Liebermann in the Third Reich. Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim 1994, ISBN 3-487-09911-X .
  • Martin Fass: Martha Liebermann (1857–1943). Life pictures. Max-Liebermann-Veranstaltungs GmbH, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811952-0-0 .
  • Marina Sandig: Martha Liebermann. A life in hope of other times in the future. Berlin / Leipzig: Hentrich & Hentrich 2019. ISBN 978-3-95565-348-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ findagrave.com: Grave slab Martha Liebermann
  2. ^ Petra Wandrey: Chronology . In: Martin Faass (Ed.): Martha Liebermann (1857-1943). Life pictures . Max-Liebermann-Veranstaltungs GmbH, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811952-0-0 , p. 113 .
  3. ↑ Lea Herzig: Martha Liebermann (née Marckwald). www.stolpersteine-berlin.de, accessed on March 20, 2017 .
  4. ^ Petra Wandrey: Chronology . In: Martin Faass (Ed.): Martha Liebermann (1857-1943). Life pictures . Max-Liebermann-Veranstaltungs GmbH, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811952-0-0 , p. 114 .
  5. ↑ Max Liebermann House. stiftungbrandenburgertor.de, accessed on March 25, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Bernd Schmalhausen: "I'm just a painter". Max and Martha Liebermann in the Third Reich . Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim 1994, ISBN 3-487-09911-X , p. 106 .
  7. ↑ Cecelia Lengefeld / Annette Roeloffs-Haupt: "The situation has become unbearable for me." Martha Liebermann's desperate hope of leaving for Sweden 1941-1943 . In: Martin Fass (Ed.): Martha Liebermann (1857-1943). Life pictures . Max-Liebermann-Veranstaltungs GmbH, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811952-0-0 , p. 86-113 .
  8. ↑ Florian Müller-Klug: The persecution of Martha Liebermann by the National Socialists - a chronology. Clio Berlin Blog, March 30, 2017, accessed March 31, 2017 .
  9. ^ Regina Scheer: Martha Liebermann, née Marckwald. A Jewish woman from Berlin 1857-1943 . In: Martin Fass (Ed.): Martha Liebermann (1857-1943). Life pictures . Max-Liebermann-Veranstaltungs GmbH, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-9811952-0-0 , p. 30-31 .
personal data
SURNAME Dear man, Martha
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Marckwald, Martha (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German wife of the painter Max Liebermann
DATE OF BIRTH October 8, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH March 10, 1943
Place of death Berlin