James Israel
James Adolf Israel (born February 2, 1848 in Berlin ; † February 20, 1926 there ) was a German urologist and surgeon .
James Adolf Israel can be seen as a pioneer of modern urological surgery and an inventive plastic surgeon as well as a pioneer of clinical asepsis. In addition, he described for the first time an infection ( actinomycosis ) caused by actinomycetes, gram-positive bacteria (especially Actinomyces israelii ) and was co-discoverer of a bradycardic reaction phenomenon ( Nicoladoni -Israel- Branham -sign ).
family
He was the second oldest of three siblings and came from a Jewish family who had immigrated to Mecklenburg from the Iberian Peninsula via Holland . Most of the ancestors had lived in Schwerin since 1700 as merchants or financial advisors. The father, Adolph Israel (1816–1892), was a wholesale merchant in the silk industry in Berlin. The mother, Johanna (1823-1892), as the daughter of the Berlin entrepreneur Joel Wolff Meyer, also came from a wealthy family. Israel spent her childhood alternately in Berlin and on a Mecklenburg estate.
In 1880 he married Meta Goldstein. The marriage had four children: Wilhelm and Arthur Israel both became major surgeons, Charlotte and her husband Siegfried Levi perished in the concentration camps of the German Reich . Else's second husband Arthur Bloch was executed by the SS in occupied Belgium in 1943 .
education and profession
From 1857 he attended the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Berlin, which he graduated at the age of 17. He then studied medicine at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin and received his doctorate on June 3, 1870. The dissertation was written under the influence of Ludwig Traube .
When the Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, he was employed as a military doctor . He showed himself to be excellently suited to his medical task and was also honored for his bravery. In 1871 Israel went to Vienna to study for a year . In Berlin he joined the hospital of the Berlin Jewish Community as an assistant surgeon . Here headed Bernhard von Langenbeck the surgical ward.
Israel was one of the first in Germany to recognize the importance of the principles of antisepsis initiated by Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister , and traveled to England in 1874 in order to be able to use the new teaching for his Berlin hospital. When von Langenbeck decided in 1875 to give up the management of the Jewish Hospital, Israel was in fact the chief physician of the surgical department, and at the same time he opened a private practice. In 1880 he finally succeeded Langenbecks.
Israel probably suffered from a chronic gastric ulcer, which, on the advice of Adolf Kussmaul , forced him to take a longer vacation in Montreux . Kussmaul treated Israel with a diet that produced a favorable result. Returning to Berlin, Israel founded its own private clinic in 1886, which was equipped with antiseptic from the beginning. The introduction of asepsis made the clinic, which opened in 1892, one of the most modern hospitals of the time. When at the beginning of the 1890s he was offered a chair at the Berlin University on condition that he be baptized , he turned it down. In 1894 he was the first doctor without a habilitation to receive the title of professor on the initiative of Ernst von Bergmann . In the meantime, however, the Jewish Hospital had been converted into a urological surgery department.
In 1915 he was called to the Ottoman Empire to treat the sultan . In 1917 Israel withdrew from the Jewish Hospital but continued to practice in its private clinic.
James Israel died at the age of 78 and found his final resting place in the Jewish cemetery Schönhauser Allee in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg .
power
Noteworthy research work was the bradycardia phenomenon with compression above an arteriovenous aneurysm (1877) and his work on the discovery of the radiation fungus as the causative agent of actinomycosis in humans (1878, 1879, 1882).
Israel has published more than 170 papers on a wide range of medical topics, with a focus on the urological-surgical field since 1884. Israel can certainly be described as a pioneer in urological surgery. He had an overview of all areas of medicine, was characterized by precise scientific thinking and developed a sensitive palpation technique .
Israel also designed a hospital train (a rolling hospital on railroad tracks ).
Israel's name is primarily associated with three surgical procedures: the two-stage covering of a continuous cheek defect , the three-stage nasal plastic and the plastic funnel-shaped reduction of the (unopened) renal pelvis in hydronephrosis . In addition, the technique of bimanual kidney palpation (with the patient lying on his side), the flank incision and the blunt rake hook (4–6 terminally slightly bent prongs, 4–7 cm wide, handle with finger hole) bear his name.
Israel co-founded the journal Folia Urologica (from 1907, later the Journal of Urological Surgery ). The international recognition of Israel was expressed in the presidency of the International Urology Congress in Paris in 1908 (vice-presidency 1914).
Works
- Five cases of diffuse nephritis. Lange, Berlin 1870 (dissertation).
- Angiectasia in the basin of the A. tibialis antica. Observation of some remarkable phenomena after ligation of the femoral artery. In: Archives for Clinical Surgery . Vol. 21 (1877), pp. 109-131.
- Clinical contributions to the knowledge of actinomycosis in humans. Hirschwald, Berlin 1885.
- Kidney Diseases Surgical Clinic. Hirschwald, Berlin 1901.
- with Wilhelm Israel: The surgery of the kidney and the ureter. Thieme, Leipzig 1925.
literature
- Peter Bloch: Memories of James Israel. In: Rolf Winau (ed.): James Israel, 1848–1926. Wiesbaden 1983, p. 7.
- James Israel: My Trip to the Sultan. In: Rolf Winau (ed.): James Israel, 1848–1926. Wiesbaden 1983, p. 97.
- Hartmut Lehmann: James Israel (1848–1926). Biobibliography of a Berlin surgeon and urologist. 1977 (dental dissertation, FU Berlin, 1977).
- Julius Pagel : Israel, James . In: Biographical lexicon of outstanding doctors of the nineteenth century. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin / Vienna 1901, Sp. 801–803 . - (with picture)
- Fritz Schultze-Seemann: Israel, James. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 200 ( digitized version ).
- Fritz Schultze-Seemann: The medical work of James Israel. In: Rolf Winau (ed.): James Israel, 1848–1926. Wiesbaden 1983, p. 217.
- Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography. Cernăuți 1925, vol. 3, p. 208.
- Eberhard J. Wormer : Angiology - Phlebology. Syndromes and their creators. Munich 1991, pp. 137-147.
Web links
- Literature by and about James Israel in the catalog of the German National Library
- Biography whonamedit engl.
- Nicoladoni Israel Branham sign whonamedit engl.
Individual evidence
- ↑ knerger.de: The grave of James Israel
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Israel, James |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Israel, James Adolf |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German urologist and surgeon |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 2, 1848 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Berlin |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 20, 1926 |
| Place of death | Berlin |