Martha Vogeler

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Heinrich Vogeler: Portrait Martha Vogeler , 1910

Martha Vogeler , née Schröder, (born October 9, 1879 in Worpswede ; † May 30, 1961 there ) was the first wife of the painter Heinrich Vogeler , who portrayed her in numerous Art Nouveau paintings at the beginning of the 20th century . After separating from her husband in 1920, Martha Vogeler had a museum ensemble (Haus im Schluh, Worpswede) built on nine acres of wasteland with loam, heather and bushes, known as Schluh, to house the inventory and works from Barkenhoff by the painter, graphic artist, designer and architect Heinrich Vogeler to make available to the public. In Haus im Schluh, a lively exhibition space, a collection of works and documents, folk art from the region, a hand and picture weaving workshop, a museum shop and holiday apartments come together under one roof.

Live and act

Early years

Martha Schröder was born in Worpswede as the daughter of the village school teacher Dietrich Schröder and his wife Becka. The father died in 1885, so that the mother had to support the large family alone. Martha's three oldest siblings emigrated to America, the younger siblings - like Martha too - supported the mother with temporary work. In 1894, at the age of fourteen, she met the painter Heinrich Vogeler, who was born in Bremen, when he visited Worpswede and in the following year became a member of the Worpswede artists' colony founded in 1889 . In October 1895 Vogeler bought a plot of land with a farmhouse on the Weyerberg, had it converted according to his own plans and turned the Barkenhoff into an island of beauty. In 1898 Martha Vogeler attended a tailoring school in Bremen. In 1899 she stayed with Helene Chrambach in Dresden, took private lessons a. a. in French and Italian as well as drawing lessons, she attended concerts and art exhibitions during this time and devoted herself to the ancient art of appliqué embroidery. In the same year Vogeler's illustrated book of poems, Dir , which the artist had written and designed for Martha, was published by Insel-Verlag .

Life on the Barkenhoff

Spring evening , 1901
The concert (summer evening) , 1905

Martha was Vogeler's model several times and after the engagement in 1900 in Meissen married him on March 6, 1901 in Heeslingen near Zeven. As a result, she was the focus of the common household on the Barkenhoff, which Vogeler staged as a total work of art, and was continued to be portrayed by him on many paintings and etchings. Her portrait on the stairs dominates Vogeler's large-format painting The Concert (Summer Evening) from 1905.

The Barkenhoff was furnished with both old farmhouse furniture and furniture designed by Heinrich Vogeler. The couple celebrated parties and organized concerts, and the house became an important meeting place for the artists' colony. The Barkenhoff family included the Vogeler couple, the poet Rainer Maria Rilke , his wife, the sculptor Clara Rilke-Westhoff , Otto Modersohn , Paula Modersohn-Becker , Paula's sister Milly and Vogeler's brother Franz with his wife Philine. The visitors included Richard Dehmel , Carl Hauptmann , René Schickele , the art writer Hans Bethge as well as Alfred Heymel and Rudolf Alexander Schröder .

After the birth of three daughters Marie Luise "Mieke" (* December 23, 1901, † September 21, 1945), later wife of the writer Gustav Regulator , Bettina (1903-2001) and Martha "Mascha" (1905-1993) Martha began Vogeler also worked artistically and handicrafts in his own studio above the stable, took care of the education and the sale of pictures.

In 1910 Martha Vogeler showed rush furniture she had designed herself at the Brussels World's Fair , for which she was awarded a medal. She also held a design protection for the rush furniture.

  • Martha in the work of Heinrich Vogeler

  • Martha von Hembarg (girl's head) , 1894

  • Spring , etching, 1896

  • Spring , 1897

  • Martha Vogeler in the Barkenhoff , 1901

  • First summer , 1902

  • Portrait of Martha , etching, 1909

  • Spring , 1909

  • Nude portrait Martha Vogeler , 1910

Life in the house in the slipper

The house in the Schluh, behind the house, on the right the hand-weaving mill

The marriage got into a crisis, and after Heinrich Vogeler's turn to communism after the First World War , Martha left the Barkenhoff with her three daughters in 1920 when her husband had turned the farm into a commune and work school. She moved with her daughters into the house in Schluh in Worpswede, an old, newly built wooden frame farmhouse from the village of Lüningsee. With the acquisition of the large property in Schluh, Martha Vogeler received generous financial support from the Duisburg merchant Paul Lehmann, whom she knew through the doctor Emil Löhnberg and his wife Selma, Hamm and Haus im Stryck, Willingen.

In 1938, she set up a hand-weaving mill and a collection of rural furnishings as a local museum in Haus im Schluh. In addition to a permanent exhibition with the early works of Heinrich Vogeler, a guesthouse was built. In addition to making weaving, she painted pictures of flowers and cacti.

time of the nationalsocialism

During the time of National Socialism , Martha Vogeler applied for admission to the NSDAP on July 10, 1937 , with the number 5642474 she received the party membership card on June 1, 1938, and she was also a member of the National Socialist Women's Association . Martha Vogeler tried to come to terms with the Nazi dictatorship and to protect Heinrich Vogeler's work. With her hand weaving, she saw herself as part of the moral armament of art and sought to create a new “folk costume” that was appropriate to the species. Not least for economic reasons, she also made compromises and concessions in the commissioned work and in the selection of the symbols for the tapestries, including the use of the swastika, which from today's point of view seem incomprehensible. In 1941, on behalf of the Wehrmacht, she had the Hindenburg carpet woven, on which the Reich President can be seen next to uniformed soldiers and two Hindenburg quotes . The Nazi rulers tried to take over Martha Vogeler's house, her hand-weaving mill (Spinnstube Haus im Schluh) and her collection of peasant household goods in line with their ideology. The NSDAP local group aimed “that Worpswede fulfills its great tasks: to be the center of artistic creation in the Low German region”. On August 15, 1935, the Wümme newspaper reported that Martha Vogeler had been entrusted with the production of honorary gifts for the 1936 Olympic Games.

On April 15, 1943, Martha Vogeler was expelled from the NSDAP, NS-Volkswohlfahrt and from the NS-Frauenschaft by decision of the East Hanover district court. During a search of the Haus im Schluh by the Gestapo , a bundle of drawings and works by Heinrich Vogeler were confiscated, with the stamp of Rote Hilfe on the reverse. As early as February 1942, the Osterholz district court of the NSDAP had ruled that Martha Vogeler "did not behave as a National Socialist".

1945–1961

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the guest rooms in Haus im Schluh were occupied by refugees. Martha's daughter Mieke Vogeler died in exile in Mexico on September 21, 1945.She fled to Paris with her husband Gustavgler in 1933, and in 1940 they both emigrated to Mexico via the USA. Martha Vogeler died in Worpswede in 1961. After her death, the daughters Bettina Müller-Vogeler and Mascha Schnaars-Vogeler took over the weaving mill and the pension. The Haus im Schluh is still owned by the fourth generation of the family.

The Worpsweder archive

Martha Vogeler gave her collection of art, books and writings to the art historian Hans-Herman Rief , who has lived in Haus im Schluh since 1946 , who built it up as the “Worpsweder Archive” and brought it to the Barkenhoff Worpswede Foundation in 1981. In addition to works of art and writings by Heinrich Vogeler, Rief supplemented the collection with numerous artistic works and partial estates from Worpswede artists of the subsequent generations and created an extensive library inventory.

literature

  • Peter Benje: Heinrich and Franz Vogeler and the Worpsweder Werkstätte. Furniture production, workers 'village, workers' strike. With a reprint of the Worpsweder Möbel catalog based on designs by Heinrich Vogeler from 1914. Published by the Heinrich Vogeler Foundation Haus im Schluh Worpswede. Completed new edition. Worpswede 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814753-1-9 .
  • Ferdinand Krogmann: Worpswede in the Third Reich 1933–1945. Donat, Bremen 2011, ISBN 978-3-938275-89-4 .
  • Ludwig Roselius : letters. Druck und Kommissionsverlag HM Hauschild, Bremen 1919. (Letters and small writings from and to Oscar Caro, Anna Goetze , Ehrenfried G. von Hünefeld, Karl Lerbs, Gustav Stresemann , Heinrich Vogeler, Martha Vogeler and others)
  • Konrad Tegtmeier: Paula Modersohn-Becker. A short life story with unpublished letters to Martha and Heinrich Vogeler-Worpswede. Angelsachsen-Verlag, Bremen 1927.
  • Siegfried Bresler: Heinrich Vogeler. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1996, ISBN 3-499-50540-1 .
  • Peter Groth: Martha Vogeler's house in the Schluh. Worpsweder Verlag, Lilienthal 1995, ISBN 3-8929-9139-1 .
  • Heinrich Vogeler: Dir. Poems. Leipzig 1899; reissued by Insel, Frankfurt 1987, ISBN 978-3-458-19072-1 .
  • Elfriede Berger (Ed.): Carl Hauptmann and his Worpsweder artist friends in letters and diary sheets. 2 volumes. Karl-Robert Schütze, Berlin 2003. (Contains, partly in first publications, the entire correspondence of the Silesian poet with his Worpswede artist friends: Hans am Ende, Fritz Mackensen, Otto Modersohn, Paula Modersohn-Becker, Rainer Maria Rilke, Clara Rilke-Westhoff, Heinrich Vogeler, Johanna Hauptmann, Martha Hauptmann, Maria-Hauptmann-Rohne, Martha Vogeler. The collection is supplemented by diary entries.)
  • Harro Jenss, Rena Noltenius: Martha Vogeler 1879–1961 . Museum Haus im Schluh, Worpswede 2015; 2nd revised and expanded edition, Worpswede 2017.
  • Jürgen Teumer: The house in the shoe. On the history of the buildings. Haus im Schluh Schriften 2, Worpswede 2018.

Radio / sound carrier

  • Martha Vogeler tells personal memories of Rainer Maria Rilke. Radio Bremen, 1951. Radio recording (1 CD).

Web links

Commons : Martha Vogeler  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gravestones - Worpswede Cemetery , grabsteine.genealogy.net, accessed on January 12, 2013.
  2. ↑ Jürgen Teumer: The house in the slack. On the history of the buildings. Haus im Schluh script 2, Worpswede 2018, p. 7 ff.
  3. ^ Ferdinand Krogmann: Worpswede in the Third Reich 1933-1945. Donat-Verlag, Bremen 2011, p. 24
  4. ^ Ferdinand Krogmann: Worpswede in the Third Reich 1933–1945, Bremen, Donat-Verlag 2011, p. 24f.
  5. ↑ Worpswede intern. Volume 16 of the series of publications by the Barkenhoff Foundation, Worpswede 1989, p. 220
  6. ^ Regional Court of Hanover, Restitution Procedure 32 / WgK 147/62, Hanover State Archives
  7. ↑ Quoted from the web links listed above.
  8. ↑ Worpsweder Archive worpswede-museen.de, accessed on January 14, 2013.
personal data
SURNAME Vogeler, Martha
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schröder, Martha (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION first wife of the painter Heinrich Vogeler
DATE OF BIRTH October 9, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Worpswede
DATE OF DEATH May 30, 1961
Place of death Worpswede