Masatomi Ikeda

Masatomi Ikeda

Masatomi Ikeda ( Japanese 池田 昌 富; * April 8, 1940 in Tokyo Prefecture ; † June 21, 2021 ) was a Japanese Aikidō teacher with 7th Dan and a representative of Aikikai in Switzerland .

Ikeda began his budo career with judo , while sumo and aikido were added during school and college years .

After graduating from the university as a sports teacher, he went to Italy as a representative of the Aikikai Honbu Dōjō in order to build up the Aikidō there in the sense of its founder Ueshiba Morihei .

Ikeda returned to Japan in 1970 to take on the same task in Switzerland from 1977, where he worked as Shihan of the ACSA (Swiss Cultural Association for Aikido - Aikikai Switzerland) and as the technical coordinator of the International Aikidō Federation (IAF) until 2002 was. For health reasons, he had to give up teaching aikido and return to Japan.

Classification system for aikido techniques

The classification system for Aikidō techniques by Sensei Masatomi Ikeda is based on the traditional system taught by most Shihan (lecturers) from the Aikikai . The classification, which was limited to the place of execution (Omote and Ura waza) and the type of execution (Katame or Osae and Nage waza), was expanded and supplemented by a family tree of the Aikidō techniques , which refers to the origins of Aikidō in sword fighting ( Kenjutsu and in Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu ) refers. The aim of the extended classification system is that every aikidō technique, including derivation from the origin and including identification of the variations, can be described more precisely.

1. Place of execution in front of (Omote waza) or behind (Ura waza) the partner.
2. Type of execution as a holding (Osae waza) or throwing technique (Nage waza).
3. Main direction of movement of the execution with the attributes up and down , left and right , front and back as well as spiral .
4. Central element of the effective approach to the attacker with the attributes massive (Uchi-no-ri), holding (Osae-no-ri), throwing (Nage-no-ri) and cutting (Zan-no-ri). '
5. Opposition of principles of execution and action according to the principle of yin and yang .
6. Type of inhalation when performing the technique with the attributes deep abdominal breathing through the wide open mouth, swallowing abdominal breathing , short and tight inhalation , cutting inhalation through the narrowly opened lips.

Classification of the basic and main techniques

From principles 1. – 4. the result is a classification that combines Osae and Nage waza in omote and ura waza with the main direction of movement and the effective approach, with which 16 main techniques in Aikidō can be classified.

	Osae waza, Omote waza	Osae waza, Ura waza	Nage waza, omote waza	Nage waza, Ura waza
Uchi-no-ri (massive) main direction of movement up / down	Ikkyo	Gokyo	Sumi-otoshi	Aiki goshi
Osae-no-ri (blocking) main direction of movement left / right	Nikyo	Hijikime-osae	Kote gaeshi	Aiki-otoshi
Nage-no-ri (throwing) main direction of movement front / back	Sankyo	Uchi-kaiten-sankyo	Irimi nage	Kaiten-nage
Zan-no-ri (cutting) main direction of movement spiral	Yonkyo	Udegarami	Shihō nage	Udekime-nage

Technical pedigree of the basic techniques

Pedigree of Aikidō techniques according to Ikeda

This classification of Aikidō techniques is based on a family tree that was developed from Kenjutsu. Executed without a sword, in Aikidō both parties face each other in the position of Hanmi Ki-awase . This is also the basic position that an Aikidō trainee assumes when he raises his hand to the height of the opponent's head in the traditional stand-by position " Hanmi " for his own protection and the attacker does this as well. In the situation without a sword, an entry movement analogous to kenjutsu can also take place. The aikidō trainee decides whether to use a technique that can cause the opponent's death, for example the aikidō technique Furi zuki to the opponent's neck, or whether to perform Ikkyo from the same starting position , in which an opponent is guided into an immobilization without being damaged becomes. Conclusively from these considerations are the two techniques Furi zuki and Ikkyō as a pair at the starting point of the family tree in the classification system for Aikidō techniques according to Ikeda.

In the Aikidō practice without a sword, logically derived from Furi zuki / Ikkyo, the attacking posture follows at the origin of the family tree

Ryote-dori

Ambidextrous attack on both arms of the Aikido trainee.

There are also derived traditional techniques that are carried out with both hands and in turn have dual elements: Tenchi-nage is created by the active force exerted by Ki on the attacker (posture Yon-no-te, principle Yang, male principle);

Genkei kokyu nage

arises from the passive force exerted by the ki on the attacker (posture In-no-te, principle Yin, female principle).

In the classification system, the techniques Tenchi-nage and Genkei-Kokyū-nage are defined as the developmental origin of the four main techniques Ikkyo, Koge gaeshi, Irimi-Nage and Shiho-Nage . The determination is based on the fact that the Aikidōka executes two different movement patterns at the same time and applies their principles.

Tenchi-nage

Because of the outward facing palms when performing, this hand position is called Yon-no-te (Yang).

The force projection unfolds against the attacker. Yang corresponds to the male principle, which is why this technique becomes the "father technique". The aikidōka performs two different sequences of movements with his arms at the same time:

• With the upper arm, which is over the shoulder of the attacker, near the attacker's ear, the main direction of movement is up / down . This main direction of movement corresponds to the Ikkyo principle .
• With the lower arm, which he holds to the side of the attacker below his hip, he performs the main direction of movement front / back . This main direction of movement defines the Iriminage technique .

Because two main directions of movement up / down and front / back unfold at the same time, we speak of a dual technique. Tenchinage thus contains Ikkyo and Irimi nage at the same time .

Genkei-Kokyu-nage

When performing Genkei-Kokyū-nage, the palms of the hands are turned inwards and upwards. This hand position is called In-no-te (Yin).

The force projection unfolds because the attacker runs onto the stable aikidōka. Due to the position and stability of the Aikidōka, the technique is created passively, which corresponds to Yin, the female principle. The technology becomes the "mother technology". The Aikidō intern performs two different sequences of movements with his arms at the same time:

• With the upper arm in front of the attacker's face, he executes an inward spiral upward. This movement pattern defines Shihō-Nage .
• The lower arm, which is at the attacker's stomach level, threatens the attacker's center with a left / right movement. This main direction of movement corresponds to the Kote gaeshi technique .

Genkei-Kokyū-nage contains the techniques Shihō nage and Kote gaeshi with the simultaneous execution of the main directions of movement spiral and left / right .

These four main techniques - Ikkyo, Irimi-nage, Shihō-nage and Kote gaeshi - form independent groups or families . Techniques combined in a group are based on the same principles when they are implemented.

The summary of all principles is contained in the aikidō technique Uchi-kaiten-nage . This contains all main directions of movement in the entire sequence of movements.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Masatomi Ikeda. In: senseiaikido.com. Accessed June 23, 2021 . 
2. ↑ The teaching principles in the classroom and the technical execution are mainly taught by those Aikidō teachers who are part of the Sanshinkai working group ( Memento of the original from January 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. work together. For definition of Sanshinkai see references 

Web links

• Aikikai Switzerland
• Sanshinkai