Master plan (urban planning)
A master plan is a term used in urban planning . Similar (previously used) terms for informal planning instruments were "framework planning", "master planning", "development planning " or " spatial planning ". With a master plan urban planning strategies can be developed and proposals for action can be drawn up.
A master plan can be drawn up at all levels of urban planning. The procedure for drawing up a master plan is not legally defined, so a master plan can be used very freely to develop urban planning solutions. At the same time, a master plan can be updated.
A master plan can emerge from an architectural competition (example: development concept Hamburg-HafenCity ) or can be developed in open public participation forums (e.g. future workshop in St. Pauli ). A master plan can consist of texts and / or plans / drawings .
term
Although the term master plan seems to be borrowed from the English-speaking world, there is no corresponding use there. The New York Empire State Development Corporation, for example, uses the term “General Project Plan” for the plans for Brooklyn Bridge Park (revitalization of water areas). In the USA, the term comprehensive planning is used .
classification
The term master plan is not mentioned in the building code , the building use ordinance or in the building regulations of the federal states and is therefore considered an informal planning tool. In order to gain legal force, it must be integrated into the traditional instruments of urban planning ( land use plan , development plan , statutes of the municipality) in accordance with the legally prescribed procedures. Only the administration can be restricted in its decision-making freedom by a master plan as "other urban planning" (§1 (6) No. 11 BauGB).
The urban planning instruments are structured hierarchically. At the top is the land use plan, which shows the future uses for an entire city or municipality. A development plan contains legally binding stipulations for the use of each individual property in its area of application. A statute according to § 172 BauGB is issued in order to preserve the urban (or social) character of certain areas. A master plan can extend far beyond the planning area of a municipality (example: master plan health economy in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), or only contain small-scale specifications such as the master plan for the lighting planning of the inner city of Dresden. It can be thematically broad or very narrow.
The nature, scope and scope of master plans cannot be clearly defined, as the following examples illustrate:
- Saxon-Czech border area study - master plan for regional development from a Saxon perspective
- Masterplan Housing Bielefeld , 2007
- Bicycle traffic master plan, position paper of the party Die Grünen , Bremen , 2011
- Master plan University of the City of Bochum , 2014
- Master plan for the Hafencity Hamburg
- Master plan for the inner city of Bonn , 2011–2012
- MG3.0 master plan Mönchengladbach, since 2010
Individual evidence
- ↑ Urban design: lighting design. Website of the city of Dresden (accessed on February 12, 2016).
- ↑ Master plan living. Website of the city of Bielefeld (accessed on February 12, 2016).
- ↑ Master plan for bicycle traffic. October 7, 2011, Green parliamentary group of Bremen citizenship (accessed on February 12, 2016).
- ↑ Framework planning and development concepts: Masterplan University-City II. Website of the City of Bochum (accessed on February 12, 2016).
- ↑ Master plan for the Hafencity Hamburg (accessed on February 12, 2016).
- ↑ Website of the master plan (accessed on February 12, 2016).
- ↑ MG3.0 Master Plan Mönchengladbach (accessed on February 12, 2016).