Matsutake
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Matsutake ( Tricholoma matsutake ) |
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| ( S. Ito & S. Imai ) Singer (nom. Cons.) |
Matsutake ( Kanji : 松茸; Tricholoma matsutake ) are the names of the wild mushrooms from the family of knight relatives (Tricholomataceae) that are most sought after in Japan . It has been an important ingredient in Japanese cuisine for at least 1000 years . In Japan there is still a tradition of showing someone how much you appreciate them by giving them a mushroom gift. The matsutake is considered a particularly honorable gift.
Species delimitation
- in America: White Matsutake ( T. magnivelare , Syn.Armillaria ponderosa )
- in southern Europe: crocodile or puss in boots ( T. caligatum )
- in Northern Europe: Swedish matsutake ( T. nauseosum )
It is possible that the two European species are only subspecies of the Matsutake.
ecology
The "Kiefernpilz" (Japanese Matsu = pine and take = mushroom, sponge - in German-speaking countries referred to as the crocodile knight) grows in the litter and especially under the litter (!) Of some tree species , with whose roots it forms a mycorrhiza . Its preferred symbiotic partner is the Japanese red pine , where it can be found under trees that are between 20 and 60 years old. The Matsutake is a strict mycorrhizal fungus and therefore cannot be grown. Information such as "cultivated mushrooms" or from "breeding farm xy" are therefore incorrect.
meaning
Market value
The Matsutake is rare and difficult to find, so it has a high market price. Since the Japanese deposits have declined sharply in the last 50 years, the mushrooms have been traded more expensive. The annual harvest in Japan is currently less than 1000 tons. Matsutake are imported from China and Korea . The mushrooms are also imported from the USA ( Oregon ). The highest market prices - depending on quality, season and origin - are usually achieved by Japanese mushrooms, sometimes up to € 2,000 per kilogram. In comparison, imported goods cost around € 90 per kilogram on average. The best mushrooms (commercial class 1) are mushrooms that are not yet shielded. Matsutake are also found very rarely in Europe.
Food value
The aroma of matsutake is similar to that of cinnamon and remains even after the cooking process. Matsutake grilled are popular, as an ingredient in soup, for mushroom rice dishes, etc. The mushrooms are very firm to the bite. In Japan, the matsutake is also said to have health-promoting effects.
literature
- Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing: The mushroom at the end of the world. About life in the ruins of capitalism. Berlin 2018.
Web links
- Thomas J. Volk: Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for September 2000: This month's fungus is Tricholoma magnivelare, the American matsutake mushroom. 2000, accessed April 6, 2014 .
- Niclas Bergius: Swedish Matsutake (English). In: Internet Archive: Wayback Machine . February 23, 2006, archived from the original on October 20, 2010 ; Retrieved April 6, 2014 .
