Matzos

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When HaIrgun HaSozialisti BeJisrael (Hebrew: האירגון הסוציאליסטי בישראל, German: "The Socialist Organization in Israel ") was founded in 1962, the organization quickly became known under the name of its newspaper Matzpen ("Compass").

history

Founding years

The trigger for the establishment was the expulsion of four members of the Israeli Communist Party ( Moshe Machover , Akiva Orr , Oded Pilavski and Irmijahu Kaplan) because of their criticism of the Moscow-loyal line and the undemocratic discussion culture in the party. Your organization emphasized the criticism of Zionism , of the Histadrut , which did not defend the workers, and the unconditional solidarity with the Palestinian liberation struggle.

At the time the organization was founded, the Palestinians were still under a state of emergency within the then borders of Israel , and therefore most of the members were Jewish or Hebrew-speaking Israelis from the start. But this did not change after the state of emergency was lifted in 1966; Palestinians always remained a minority in Matzpen. Other important members were Haim Hanegbi , Jabra Nicola and Daoud Turki .

In 1965, after difficult discussions, the organization decided to support Uri Avnery's , HaOlam Haze , Knesset list . From the beginning she published a monthly magazine called Matzpen (Hebrew for “compass”), which dealt primarily with union issues. Since 1972 the magazine has been published in Hebrew and in Arabic. At that time the magazine had a circulation of 2,000 copies.

On June 8, 1967, three days after the beginning of the Six Day War , the DFLP and Matzpen jointly published a call for a solution to the Middle East conflict . The vision in this call was a non-Zionist, federal and socialist state to stand up for progress in the Middle East.

The organization became louder and more audible after this war, but the pressure on them also increased. Matzpen was clearly against the State of Israel, in contrast to the Communist Party, which was hated for its affiliation with Moscow, but did not attack the State of Israel as such. Khalil Toama was a Matzpen member and chairman of the Palestinian students at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem . The Shin Bet tried to hire him, but failed, and he was arrested on January 8, 1968. Matzpen launched an international campaign for his liberation, the petition was signed by Erich Fried , among others . Toama has lived in the Rhine-Main area since his liberation , where he came through the connections with the SDS .

The connection of Matzpen with the Israeli "Black Panthers" was an important catalyst for the radicalization of this social movement. A small part of the organization formed the military underground organization "Red Front", whose members were arrested in 1972.

division

In 1970 and 1972 the organization split into three different groups.

The Revolutionary Communist League

The group was also called "the Jerusalem Cell" because most of the members were from Jerusalem, like Michel Warschawski . In 1978 the organization, or RKL for short, condemned the Camp David Accords as treason against the Palestinians. In 1984 the RKL founded the Alternative Information Center . A particular highlight of the RKL was its activity against the suppression of the First Intifada . The RKL was a member of the United Secretariat of the Fourth International until it dissolved itself in 1995 .

Ma'awak

This Maoist group (with its full name The Revolutionary Communist League ) split from Matzpen in 1970. The most important member of this organization was Ilan Halevi , who later became a representative of the PLO in Paris . A small part of the organization formed the military underground organization "Red Front", whose members were arrested in 1972. In 1976 the group ceased to exist.

avant-garde

Also known as “the Workers' Union”, this group was close to the French Trotskyist Pierre Lambert . The Lambertists condemned the other Trotskyists as Stalinists in disguise . The group also accused the other two Matzpen groups of giving up class warfare and instead indulging in student fights and Che Guevara .

21st century

In the 21st century, the former members of Matzpen are still active, especially in the Alternative Information Center and in two organizations: Balad and Tarabut-Hitchabrut .

literature

  • Lutz Fiedler: Matzpen. Another Israeli story (=  writings of the Simon Dubnow Institute . No. 25 ). 1st edition. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2016, ISBN 978-3-525-37041-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sophia Deeg: Living together in dignity, equality and equality. (PDF) Conversation between Sophia Deeg and Khalil Toama. In: New ISP publishing house. April 14, 2014, accessed June 14, 2017 .