Medal of Freedom (1945)
The Medal of Freedom ("Freedom Medal") was in the period after the Second World War, along with the Medal for Merit, one of the two highest civilian awards in the United States and the direct predecessor of the Presidential Medal of Freedom .
history
On July 6, 1945, President Harry S. Truman signed Ordinance No. 9586 Establishing a Medal of Freedom to Honor Meritorious Public Service Workers during World War II.
In the corresponding Executive Order No. 9586 of July 6, 1945, in the current version of April 3, 1952, states: " The medal can be awarded by the President, as determined in this ordinance, to any person who has made a particularly meritorious contribution, (1) for security or national interests of the United States, or (2) world peace, or (3) cultural or other important public or private endeavors. "
The Medal of Freedom can also be awarded posthumously if the wearer earned it through an act during which he died. If the freedom medal is awarded for an act of bravery, this can be honored on the ribbon with a palm branch in bronze, silver or gold.
On February 22, 1963, John F. Kennedy finally renewed the award under the name of the Presidential Medal of Freedom , under which it is still awarded today.
Carrier (selection)
- 1945: Elaine Delhaye-Gill , Anna M. Rosenberg , Andrée de Jongh , Marie Louise Dissard , Gero von Schulze-Gaevernitz , Gunnar Sønsteby , Edward Williams
- 1946: John Kenneth Galbraith (received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2000 ), Homer Morrison Byington, Jr. , Andrew C. Berry , Horacio de la Costa SJ, Thomas Francis Jr. , William Stephenson , Margaret Utinsky , Pridi Phanomyong , Johan Hendrik Weidner
- 1947: Marlene Dietrich , J. Warren Madden , Wilfrid Reid “Wop” May , Fritz Molden , James Collip , Roxbee Cox , Charles Gairdner , Ninette Hélène Jeanty Raven
- 1949: Andrée de Jongh , Marie Louise Dissard , Helen Kirkpatrick Milbank , Nancy Wake , Fritz Zwicky
- 1953: Jan Thijssen (posthumously)
- 1954: John Steinbeck , Geneviève de Galard Terraub
- 1955: Robert B. Anderson , Fred Andrew Seaton
- 1956: John von Neumann
- 1957: Charles Erwin Wilson
- 1958: Lewis Strauss
- 1959: John Foster Dulles , Neil H. McElroy , Donald A. Quarles
- 1961: James H. Douglas , Thomas S. Gates , Andrew J. Goodpaster , Gordon Gray , Christian Herter , George Kistiakowsky , Paul-Henri Spaak
Individual evidence
- ↑ Executive Order 9586 , signed on July 6, 1945 (entry in Federal Register 10 FR 8523 on July 10, 1945)
- ↑ Executive Order 9586 Wikisource
- ↑ Executive Order 11085, Sect. 1.1 translation; The original English text reads: "The Medal may be awarded by the President as provided in this order to any person who has made an especially meritorious contribution to (1), the security or national interests of the United States, or (2) world peace , or (3) cultural or other significant public or private endeavors. "(Executive Order 11085, Sect. 1,1)
- ↑ Executive Order 11085 , signed on February 22, 1963 (entry in Federal Register 28 FR 1759 on February 26, 1963) (Wikisource)
- ↑ Dates of life: * May 2, 1903 Esneux - October 9, 1990 Cambridgeshire , according to The Times , 1990 obituary
Web links
- Recipient of the Freedom Medal and the President's Medal of Freedom ( Memento from October 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) 1945–2004, chronological (English)
- Recipient of the Freedom Medal ( Memento from November 24, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) 1945 (English)
- Recipient of the Freedom Medal ( Memento from January 13, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) 1946 (English)
- Recipient of the Freedom Medal ( Memento from February 15, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) 1947 (English)
- Recipient of the Freedom Medal ( Memento from February 15, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) 1949 (English)
- Recipient of the Freedom Medal ( Memento from October 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) 1954–1961, chronological (English)