Presidential Medal of Freedom

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The President's Medal of Freedom since 1963, collar medal with accessories: ribbon buckle (top), small version (left), pin (right)
The President's Medal of Freedom, small version
Strap buckle

The Presidential Medal of Freedom ( German  Presidential Medal of Freedom ) in addition to the peer Golden Congressional Medal of Honor one of the two highest civilian awards in the United States of America .

history

Today's Presidential Medal of Freedom was created on February 22, 1963, when President John F. Kennedy re-established it under this name. Its direct predecessor was the Medal of Freedom , which was created in 1945 by Harry S. Truman to honor deserving public service persons during the Second World War .

The award can be given multiple times to one person or posthumously.

layout

A five-pointed gold star, white enamel, on a red pentagon (as a support cushion). In the middle a blue disc with the 13 gold stars of the US coat of arms. The star is set in a ring of five golden heraldic eagles.

The medal is worn on the neck with a deep blue ribbon with two fine white stripes. The bow is summarized by a silver heraldic eagle on the ribbon.

Award levels

The award is presented as the Presidential Medal of Freedom as a neck medal and in two higher order levels, namely the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction and the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with Military Distinction . The main distinctions are a golden eagle and stars on the ribbon.

carrier

The following list chronologically lists the recipients of this merit award (persons marked with * received the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction .):

  • Mother Teresa
    on May 23, 1985

  • Ronald Reagan
    on January 13, 1993

  • Stephen Hawking
    on August 12, 2009

  • Angela Merkel
    on June 7, 2011

literature

  • Our Documents: 100 Milestone Documents from the National Archives. Oxford University Press, Oxford / New York 2003, ISBN 0-19-517206-X

Web links

Commons : Presidential Medal of Freedom  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Executive Order 11085 , signed on February 22, 1963 (entry in Federal Register 28 FR 1759 on February 26, 1963) (Wikisource)
  2. ↑ Executive Order 9586 , signed on July 6, 1945 (entry in Federal Register 10 FR 8523 on July 10, 1945)
  3. ↑ Executive Order 9586 Wikisource
  4. ^ The White House: President Obama Names Medal of Freedom Recipients. July 30, 2009, accessed August 14, 2015 .
  5. ^ The White House: President Obama Names Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients. November 17, 2010, accessed August 14, 2015 .
  6. ^ The White House: President Obama Names Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients. April 26, 2012, accessed August 14, 2015 .
  7. ^ The White House: President Obama Names Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients. August 8, 2013, accessed November 21, 2013 .
  8. ^ The White House: President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. November 10, 2014, accessed November 21, 2014 .
  9. ^ The White House: President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. November 16, 2014, accessed November 25, 2014 .
  10. ↑ Sondheim was awarded the medal in 2014, but was not awarded until 2015 because he could not take part in the award ceremony in 2014: Stephen Sondheim, Barbra Streisand, and More to Receive Presidential Medal of Freedom
  11. ^ The White House: President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. November 16, 2016, accessed November 22, 2016 .
  12. ↑ Kevin Liptak, Allie Malloy CNN: Biden awarded presidential Medal of Freedom. In: CNN. January 12, 2017, accessed November 10, 2018 .
  13. ^ President Donald J. Trump Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In: whitehouse.gov. November 10, 2018, accessed November 10, 2018 .
  14. ^ Medal of Freedom. In: whitehouse.gov. Retrieved February 5, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Thorsten Denkler: USA: And then Pelosi tears up Trump's speech. In: sueddeutsche.de . February 5, 2020, accessed February 5, 2020 .
  16. ↑ The White House: DE 9+ 0:18 / 0:59 President Trump Presents the Medal of Freedom to Olympian Jim Ryun. In: Youtube. The White House, accessed July 27, 2020 .