Arthur Goldberg
Arthur Joseph Goldberg (born August 8, 1908 in Chicago , Illinois , † around January 19, 1990 in Washington, DC ) was an American politician , lawyer and diplomat .
biography
Ministers and justices in the Supreme Court
Goldberg studied law and in 1948 became legal advisor (General Counsel) for unions such as the United Steelworkers and the trade union umbrella organization Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) . In this function he was also instrumental in the reunification of the CIO with the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to form the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO).
In January 1961, he was appointed Secretary of Labor in his cabinet by US President John F. Kennedy to succeed James P. Mitchell . In September 1962, however, he left the cabinet after he was nominated by President Kennedy to succeed Felix Frankfurter as Associate Justice at the Supreme Court of the United States . W. Willard Wirtz then became the new Minister of Labor .
During his time as a judge at the US Supreme Court, Goldberg, who was considered liberal and stood out for his activism , was involved in the following important decisions:
- Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) : He was the majority author on this judgment, which was also joined by Chief Justice Earl Warren . In doing so, citing the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution , he stated that the conviction of the defendant in a murder trial required that the defendant have the right to legal assistance after his arrest and during police interrogation . This decision was made two years later by the decision of Miranda v. Arizona expanded with reference to the 5th Amendment , which requires criminal suspects to be advised of their right to lawyer and to remain silent prior to police questioning.
- Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) : This was a major landmark ruling by the United States Supreme Court declaring that the United States Constitutionprotectsthe right to privacy . The verdict was triggered by a Connecticut lawthatbannedthe use of contraception . A vote of 7 to 2 judges' votes invalidated this law on the grounds that it violated the right to "privacy in marriage". Goldberg, who supported the majority opinion, formulated a partially different opinion.
In 1964 Goldberg was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .
ambassador
In 1965, Goldberg, who was considered a seasoned negotiator, was urged by President Lyndon B. Johnson to step down from Associate Justice to succeed the late Adlai E. Stevenson as US Ambassador to the United Nations in New York City . Although he accepted this office, he remarked behind the scenes:
- "I would rather the President had not asked me to undertake this duty." (I would have preferred if the President hadn't asked me to take over this position.)
He had a decisive influence on the adoption of Resolution 242 of the UN Security Council on November 22, 1967 in which Israel's withdrawal "from the occupied territories that were occupied during the recent conflict " in return for recognition of Israel and respect for its security " free from threat and violence ”. This was a milestone in diplomatic peace efforts in the Middle East .
However, he still resigned from the office of ambassador to the UN in 1968, frustrated because he failed to involve the United Nations in ending the Vietnam War , and was replaced by George Wildman Ball .
In 1970 he ran for the office of governor of New York , but was subject to the Republican incumbent Nelson Rockefeller . Most recently he was appointed special envoy by President Jimmy Carter in 1977 and during his tenure until 1978 he was also head of the US delegation at the first follow-up conference to the Helsinki Final Act signed in 1975 .
After his death he was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Publications
Background literature
- Stebenne, David L .: "Arthur J. Goldberg: New Deal Liberal", 1996, New York, Oxford University Press
Web links
- Biography in law.jrank.org
- Arthur Goldberg at the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia (English)
- rulers.org
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Goldberg, Arthur |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Goldberg, Arthur Joseph (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American politician, lawyer, and diplomat |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 8, 1908 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Chicago , Illinois |
| DATE OF DEATH | around January 19, 1990 |
| Place of death | Washington, DC |